中文字幕理伦午夜福利片_成人黄色在线免费观看_欧美黑人巨大videos极品_国产精品无码久久久久久_少妇人妻真实偷人精品视频_av在线高清观看_欧美黑人狂躁日本寡妇_国产精品久久久久久久久久免费看_大伊香蕉精品视频在线天堂_国产成人av片在线观看_av中文字幕不卡_丰满少妇大力进入av_亚洲欧美国产免费综合视频_玩弄人妻奶水无码av在线_精品无码一区二区三区电影_欧美丰满一区二区免费视频_国产亚洲欧洲综合5388_人人妻人人添人人爽日韩欧美_无码日韩人妻av一区免费_欧美激情网站

揭秘大型污水處理廠處理工藝

2023-03-24  來自: 中國水網(wǎng) 瀏覽次數(shù):380

如何進行水處理

衡美水處理為您介紹一項環(huán)境保護知識——大型污水處理廠處理工藝


大型


污水處理廠也稱污水廠。設(shè)在工廠的常稱處理站,出水放入城市排水管道時,處理站實際上是一種預(yù)處理設(shè)施。廢水處理的一般目標是去除懸浮物和改善耗氧性(即穩(wěn)定有機物),有時還進行消毒和進一步的處理。工業(yè)廢水的處理側(cè)重于油類、懸浮物、重金屬和妨礙城市污水廠運行的或高殘留的有機物的去除或轉(zhuǎn)化,以及pH值的調(diào)整。

污水處理工藝就是對城市生活污水和工業(yè)廢水的各種經(jīng)濟、合理、科學(xué)、行之有效的工藝方法污水處理被廣泛應(yīng)用于建筑、農(nóng)業(yè),交通、能源、石化、環(huán)保、城市景觀、醫(yī)療、餐飲等各個領(lǐng)域。城市污水處理工藝應(yīng)根據(jù)處理規(guī)模、水質(zhì)特性、受納水體的環(huán)境功能及當?shù)氐膶嶋H情況和要求,經(jīng)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟比較后確定。

今天衡美帶您走進大型污水處理廠——芝加哥Stickney水回收廠。

一、主要工藝流程

水處理工藝流程是用于某種污水處理的工藝方法的組合。通常根據(jù)污水的水質(zhì)和水量,回收的經(jīng)濟價值,排放標準及其他社會、經(jīng)濟條件,經(jīng)過分析和比較,必要時,還需要進行試驗研究,決定所采用的處理流程。一般原則是:改革工藝,減少污染,回收利用,綜合防治,經(jīng)濟合理等。在流程選擇時應(yīng)注重整體,而不只是追求某一環(huán)節(jié)。

Stickney水回收廠擁有成熟的活性污泥處理工藝(進一步回收氮、磷時也采用生物膜反應(yīng)器)。從原始污水進入工廠開始,整個凈化過程大約需要12個小時。

1、生物除磷

在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展過程中,美國的主要河流和湖泊由于受磷污染,富營養(yǎng)化嚴重,環(huán)保局為控制磷污染,對磷排放制定了比較嚴格的標準。化學(xué)強化生物除磷污水處理工藝以除去污水中有機污染物和各種形態(tài)的磷為主,此污水處理工藝將化學(xué)除磷和生物除磷一體化,通過厭氧消化生物系統(tǒng)中活性污泥產(chǎn)生揮發(fā)性有機酸,作為聚磷菌生長的基質(zhì)或稱之為營養(yǎng)物,使聚磷菌在活性污泥中選擇性增殖,并將其回流到生物系統(tǒng)中,使生物污水處理系統(tǒng)工作在除磷狀態(tài);同時污泥在厭氧條件下產(chǎn)生的磷釋放,通過化學(xué)除磷消除。這是一種市政污水處理工藝技術(shù),滿足了我國現(xiàn)階段,為解決水體富營養(yǎng)化,需要在常規(guī)二級污水處理基礎(chǔ)上進一步除磷的要求。

2、循環(huán)間隙

美國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平各地相差較大,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展滯后的城市還不能拿出很多資金用于污水治理,因此,怎樣利用有限的資金,降低環(huán)境污染,是很多城市政府面臨的問題。在污水處理方面,直到不久前,一些城市還采用強化處理工藝技術(shù),出水達不到二級排放標準對除去有機污染物的要求。循環(huán)間歇曝氣工藝充分發(fā)揮高負荷氧化溝處理效率高的優(yōu)點,又充分利用序批式活性污泥污水處理工藝出水好的特點,保證了系統(tǒng)出水達到污水排放標準在除去有機污染物方面的要求。在投資和運行費用上比通常以除去有機污染物為主的二級生物污水處理系統(tǒng)降低三成左右,是適合我國現(xiàn)階段污水處理要求的工藝技術(shù)。

3、旋轉(zhuǎn)接觸

旋轉(zhuǎn)接觸氧化污水處理工藝技術(shù)是在生物轉(zhuǎn)盤技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合生物接觸氧化技術(shù)優(yōu)點發(fā)展起來的新一代好氧生物膜處理技術(shù)。旋轉(zhuǎn)接觸氧化污水處理工藝技術(shù)和成套設(shè)備提供了一種簡單和可靠的污水處理方法。整個污水處理系統(tǒng)中的轉(zhuǎn)軸是轉(zhuǎn)動部分,一旦機器出了故障,一般機械人員都可以進行維修。系統(tǒng)生物量會根據(jù)有機負荷的變化而自動補償。附在轉(zhuǎn)盤上的微生物是有生命的,當污水中的有機物增加時,微生物隨之增加,相反,當污水中的有機物減少時,微生物隨之減少。所以這污水處理系統(tǒng)的工作效果不容易受到流量和負荷的突然變化和停電的影響。運行費用低,只有其他曝氣污水處理系統(tǒng)耗電的八分之一到三分之一。占地面積僅相當常規(guī)活性污泥法一半。由于生物系統(tǒng)中生長的微生物種類多,能夠處理各種難降解工業(yè)污水。


大型


二、Stickney處理什么類型的水

由于芝加哥市及其周邊地區(qū)的排水系統(tǒng)是合流制,隨著城市的發(fā)展,暴雨徑流加大,污水處理廠經(jīng)常超負荷,迫使未經(jīng)處理的污水流人河道。因此,早在20世紀70年代初期,市政當局就提出了隧道及水庫計劃(Tunnel and Reservoir Plan),簡稱TARP。這個計劃包括160km隧道,用以截流貯存合流管中的溢流水,以便污水處理廠以后處理。其目標是防止污水充人密歇根湖,為芝加哥市及其鄰縣800萬人口提供飲用水,并為洪水提供出路。工程分兩期進行,經(jīng)過25年的緊張施工,一期工程已經(jīng)完成,起到了預(yù)期的作用。雖然耗資巨大,但該方案比置換22000km合流管,修建污水管,還是經(jīng)濟的。

Stickney污水處理廠目前面臨的問題是升級改造,升級改造需要實現(xiàn)磷的去除。當局計劃采用生物除磷,在現(xiàn)有的曝氣池上增設(shè)厭氧區(qū),并不打算采用投加填料。主要是由于芝加哥地區(qū)的人口不再增長好和污水處理行業(yè)向著資源回收、能源回收的方向發(fā)展。目前,當局正在對厭氧氨氧化技術(shù)應(yīng)用于側(cè)流工藝進行研究。該技術(shù)在歐洲和北美發(fā)展迅速,相比于傳統(tǒng)的硝化反硝化技術(shù),厭氧氨氧化技術(shù)只需消耗四成的能源,而且脫氮無需碳源。

三、回收與創(chuàng)新

活性污泥處理工藝并不新奇,Stickney水回收廠的特別之處在于致力于資源回收。它擁有成熟的營養(yǎng)物回收設(shè)施,目標是把所有污水都轉(zhuǎn)化為能源,將“糞便”泵入電力。(這也是我們所有環(huán)保人的目標。)

前面提到對于磷的處理,Stickney建立了專門的磷回收工廠,利用旋轉(zhuǎn)藻類生物膜反應(yīng)器技術(shù)使用藻類從廢水中提取營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。

回收的磷在這里被轉(zhuǎn)化為肥料,在商店中出售。這種肥料被稱為綠色水晶”。現(xiàn)如今Stickney每年可生產(chǎn)10,000噸綠色水晶。


四、Stickney到底有多大?

都說Stickney水回收廠是大型污水廠,但究竟大到什么程度呢?

先說幾個數(shù)字,Stickney水回收廠占地面積約為413英畝,擁有近400名員工,負責監(jiān)督每分鐘處理多達100萬加侖的水,平均每天清潔7億加侖的水,每天的處理量能夠達到14.4億加侖的水。廢水從原污水轉(zhuǎn)化為干凈的水僅需12個小時。

通俗點來說,Stickney每分鐘處理的水量能注滿2個奧林匹克規(guī)格的游泳池,也就是說該水廠每天處理的水量大約能注滿700個游泳池。

Stickney還設(shè)有數(shù)十個實驗室和辦公室,用于斷發(fā)展的設(shè)備和技術(shù)。此外,Stickney甚至擁有自己的鐵路,用來運輸從水處理過程中回收的生物固體堆肥。

衡美水處理專注水處理設(shè)備生產(chǎn)十五年,為您量身定制水處理解決方案

關(guān)鍵詞: 大型 污水處理廠 衡美 水處理

衡水市衡美水處理設(shè)備有限公司,專營 淺層砂過濾器 過濾器 全自動加藥裝置 原水處理設(shè)備 等業(yè)務(wù),有意向的客戶請咨詢我們,聯(lián)系電話:0318-2987119

CopyRight ? 版權(quán)所有: 衡水市衡美水處理設(shè)備有限公司 技術(shù)支持:衡水航宇 網(wǎng)站地圖 XML

本站關(guān)鍵字: 反滲透設(shè)備


掃一掃訪問移動端
主站蜘蛛池模板: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |