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污水處理升級(jí)改造的5個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題分析(一)

2022-07-19  來自: 環(huán)保水圈 瀏覽次數(shù):594

我國(guó)污水處理領(lǐng)域在近幾年得到快速發(fā)展,日處理能力大幅提高,處于世界前列已成為污水處理大國(guó),但在技術(shù)選型升級(jí)改造、能耗控制運(yùn)行管理方面,仍然距污水處理強(qiáng)國(guó)有較大的差距。

污水處理


因此,現(xiàn)有污水處理廠的科學(xué)合理升級(jí)改造、優(yōu)化運(yùn)行已成為行業(yè)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展的目標(biāo),需不斷持續(xù)改進(jìn)。

污水處理

近日,江蘇(宜興)環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)研究院總工陳珺做了題為“污水處理升級(jí)改造的5個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題”,陳總工從實(shí)際處理能力的評(píng)估、生物處理工藝選型、生化池優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)二沉池的優(yōu)化以及污水處理廠水力優(yōu)化五個(gè)方面,結(jié)合污水處理廠運(yùn)行和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)污水處理目前運(yùn)營(yíng)過程中存在的問題進(jìn)行了剖析,并介紹了污水處理升級(jí)改造的具體措施,深入顯出,條理清晰,用數(shù)據(jù)說話更有說服力,這五個(gè)問題也可能是您非常關(guān)注的問題,因?yàn)槲鬯幚淼?a href="/Article-detail-id-3122297.html" title="提標(biāo)">提標(biāo)改造和運(yùn)營(yíng)優(yōu)化到企業(yè)的生存及水環(huán)境的改善。基于此,我們可以不斷擴(kuò)展和創(chuàng)新,促進(jìn)行業(yè)向前發(fā)展。

污水處理升級(jí)改造涉及的面非常廣,包括水量水質(zhì)的變化、工藝選型、排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、設(shè)備更新、投資與運(yùn)行成本、占地、能耗及控制等等,遠(yuǎn)非一個(gè)報(bào)告所能覆蓋。這里僅和大家交流一下在污水處理升級(jí)改造的過程中涉及到五個(gè)主要方面的問題,這些問題包括:實(shí)際處理能力的評(píng)估、生物處理工藝選型、生化池優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)、二沉池的優(yōu)化以及污水處理廠水力優(yōu)化的問題。

一、實(shí)際處理能力的評(píng)估

實(shí)際處理能力評(píng)估是污水處理升級(jí)改造過程中重要的事情。只有在清楚了解目前污水處理廠的實(shí)際處理能力才能有的放矢地進(jìn)行下一步的升級(jí)改造。這個(gè)“實(shí)際處理能力”涉及到很多方面,包括污水水量水質(zhì)特性設(shè)備設(shè)施狀況、處理要求、工藝控制策略、運(yùn)行維護(hù)等等,這些因素互相交織在一起,形成了實(shí)際處理能力,而非通常所指的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)模。

實(shí)際處理能力不是一成不變的,它會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而發(fā)生變化,比如由于人口的增加導(dǎo)致進(jìn)水量的持續(xù)上升需要提高實(shí)際處理能力,簡(jiǎn)單方法就是擴(kuò)容另外,不合理的運(yùn)行維護(hù)會(huì)使污水處理廠隨著歲月的流逝而降低其處理能力。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高是污水處理廠發(fā)展過程中經(jīng)常遇到的事情,為了達(dá)到新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在既有的設(shè)施情況下其處理能力可能就會(huì)降低。同時(shí),我們還可以看到另外一些情景,某些污水廠會(huì)在其歷史發(fā)展過程中不斷優(yōu)化自身的情況,突破瓶頸的限制,以小投入實(shí)現(xiàn)處理能力的提高,實(shí)現(xiàn)污水處理的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

污水處理


因此,在進(jìn)行污水處理升級(jí)改造之前的一個(gè)重要步驟是對(duì)實(shí)際處理能力的評(píng)估。我們對(duì)全國(guó)四千多座污水處理廠中的3300座污水處理廠的實(shí)際進(jìn)水CODTN濃度做了一些分析,可以看出絕大多數(shù)污水廠的COD濃度并不是很高,COD高于400mg/L的污水處理廠只占很小一部分,進(jìn)水氮的濃度低的并不是很多。


污水處理

我們做了一些實(shí)際污水廠的進(jìn)水設(shè)計(jì)值與實(shí)際值的比較,可以看出從南到北很多污水處理廠的COD設(shè)計(jì)值與實(shí)際值有較大的差距,實(shí)際進(jìn)水COD遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于設(shè)計(jì)值,氮的值也會(huì)低一些,但低的并不是很多。所以,很多污水處理廠的池容是有冗余的,這種冗余的潛力在升級(jí)改造時(shí)就可能得到利用,當(dāng)然這會(huì)涉及到其他單元的問題,比如沉淀池的問題、進(jìn)水管線的問題等等,需要進(jìn)行實(shí)際評(píng)估。

實(shí)際處理能力評(píng)估需要用到一些方法,這些方法一般包括開會(huì)討論分析、全廠實(shí)際測(cè)試、工藝模擬分析。開會(huì)討論分析通常是相關(guān)方坐在一起討論,這種方式是比較保守的,因?yàn)樵跊]有確切數(shù)據(jù)和依據(jù)的情況下,人都是保守的,只能憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)。另一種方法是實(shí)際測(cè)試,實(shí)際測(cè)試包括沉淀池負(fù)荷測(cè)試、氧轉(zhuǎn)移測(cè)試、示蹤劑測(cè)試以及在線監(jiān)測(cè)等,實(shí)際測(cè)試的好處是因地制宜,找出關(guān)鍵參數(shù),明確制約瓶頸。其中,負(fù)荷測(cè)試包括預(yù)處理、曝氣池、沉淀池、污泥脫水單元等方面的測(cè)試,需要明確各個(gè)單元的實(shí)際處理能力,當(dāng)然測(cè)試期間不能影響出水水質(zhì)。這里舉一個(gè)曝氣效率方面測(cè)試的例子,大家知道α值是混合液中氧轉(zhuǎn)移效率與清水中氧轉(zhuǎn)移效率之比,是曝氣計(jì)算過程的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù),國(guó)內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范是0.8-0.85,美國(guó)在80年代之前也是基本采用0.8,但實(shí)際運(yùn)行中發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)值差別較大,α值和泥齡、水質(zhì)等參數(shù)有關(guān)系,低的能到0.3。實(shí)際上,可靠的方法是用尾氣法測(cè)試獲得實(shí)際的α值,這是我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)污水廠正在做的尾氣法測(cè)試的照片,美國(guó)已經(jīng)有數(shù)百個(gè)污水廠采用了這種方法。通過這種方法獲得真實(shí)的參數(shù)為設(shè)備選型提供更加科學(xué)合理的依據(jù)。

其他測(cè)試方法還包括針對(duì)水質(zhì)的反硝化速率測(cè)試、示蹤劑測(cè)試沉淀池效率等,限于時(shí)間關(guān)系不再一一贅述。

第三種實(shí)際處理能力的評(píng)估方法是工藝模擬,尤其是動(dòng)態(tài)模擬,這個(gè)無論是對(duì)實(shí)際污水廠的升級(jí)改造還是優(yōu)化運(yùn)行都很有益。動(dòng)態(tài)模擬可以根據(jù)進(jìn)水動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)荷的變化而做出準(zhǔn)確的模擬,確保在峰值負(fù)荷期間出水水質(zhì)依然達(dá)標(biāo),同時(shí)以合理的工藝和參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能降耗的目的,這種方法是傳統(tǒng)EXCEL設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算所無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

下面這個(gè)圖可以是一個(gè)穩(wěn)態(tài)模擬的反映,可以看出在曝氣池廊道的前端氨氮就已經(jīng)很低了,曝氣池有一定的冗余能力,我們可以通過動(dòng)態(tài)模擬來確定其可利用的池容潛力。

污水處理

當(dāng)然工藝模擬并非是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事情,需要對(duì)水質(zhì)特性、工藝參數(shù)有深入的了解,也并非是購(gòu)買一套軟件就能解決的,污水處理工藝模擬背后反映的是污水處理龐大知識(shí)體系的積累,需要有對(duì)這方面深入了解的技術(shù)人員。

衡水市衡美水處理設(shè)備有限公司,專營(yíng) 淺層砂過濾器 過濾器 全自動(dòng)加藥裝置 原水處理設(shè)備 等業(yè)務(wù),有意向的客戶請(qǐng)咨詢我們,聯(lián)系電話:0318-2987119

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