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深度解析反滲透的22個技術視角(四)

2024-11-24  來自: 衡美水處理公眾平臺 瀏覽次數:109

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衡美水處理為您介紹一項水處理專業知識——深度解析反滲透22個視角

十八、反滲透配套的離子交換器均設計偏大數倍

反滲透后面如果設計的進一步除鹽的設備是離子交換器,當反滲透需要做增容擴建時,后面的離子交換器在大多數項目上是無需也同步做增容擴建的,只需做一下將離子交換器的供水泵的出力大及做一下其他更小的技改即可,這是因為絕大多數的反滲透項目在配套離子交換器時,離子交換器的選型設計犯了偏大了至少一倍的錯誤這種錯誤導致離子交換器失效周期過于長,長達數月甚至半年,產生危害如下:

導致運行操作人員數月甚至一年也輪不到一次樹脂再生操作,這不利于運行人員的技能鍛煉;


反滲透


也會導致樹脂過于壓實,影響再生效果和浪費酸堿;

大設備投資和占地;

再生系統長時間備用,也會導致閥門開關失靈、銹死等問題。

十九、保安過濾器的普遍誤解

不少人認為保安過濾器是用來進一步精細過濾的,這是大的誤解;

“保安”二字是在強調這個過濾器是用來應對那種突發的、致命級別的危害的報警器,不是用于日常的、錦上添花的保健品;

保安過濾器非常有限的那點兒納污能力,它是承擔不起過濾截污職責的,就像電表里的保險絲一樣,保險絲承擔不了大電流的沖擊,才能通過熔斷來及時發現電流過大的問題,從而保護電流表后面的用電設備免遭大電流的傷害。

自從有了反滲透以來,保安過濾器就是反滲透的標配,當年把它設置在高壓泵入口,是為了防止多介質過濾器活性炭過濾器的濾料泄漏時沒能及時知覺;漏進保安過濾器的濾料會導致保安過濾器的壓差快速升高,進而觸發高壓泵的低壓保護停運,讓反滲透立刻停機(這是熔斷機制在反滲透系統上的應用),從而讓運行人員能及時感知到過濾器在漏濾料,進而及時檢修過濾器,這個保安作用是要保證能及時發現濾料的泄漏,否則,濾料有進一步漏到反滲透膜內的風險

也就是說,保安過濾器的本職工作或價值體現是實時監督前端的過濾器是否漏了濾料,也許它也順便發揮了截污作用,但截污作用對于反滲透的需求是杯水車薪總之,保安過濾器是用于緊盯偶然發生的壞事的,不是用于謀取好上加好的。

如果打算通過將熔噴濾芯的保安過濾器改造為大流量折疊濾芯或濾袋式保安過濾器來改善濾芯頻繁污堵的狀況,就別改了,因為這個改造已有不少項目做過了,結果是只能讓每次拆裝的濾芯數量變得少些,但保安過濾器的污堵頻率并沒減少,可以說此項改造是沒有意義的

二十、超濾有必要挽救和成為反滲透的標配嗎?

超濾是本世紀才進入到反滲透預處理工藝行列中的技術,反滲透是上世紀應用了數十年的技術,所以說,不是反滲透離開超濾就不行,如果超濾既沒保護好反滲透,自身卻又難保,還有必要挽救嗎?


反滲透


自身頻繁污堵或者濾料易板結,是過濾類設備的萬惡之源,保證了質量卻保證不了產量(例如超濾),保證了產量卻保證不了質量(例如石英砂過濾器)。超濾屬于表層過濾,顏值與反滲透一樣高,因此,得以靠顏值吃飯已好多年,但超濾的納污能力差,容易污堵,因此,日常運行需要頻繁反洗

幾次水反洗之后還需要一次化學藥劑助力的藥洗,不但不環保,而不比反滲透好維護,而且與反滲透的污堵成因是一樣的,反滲透污堵的項目,其配套的超濾也多是頻繁污堵,超濾成了制約反滲透正常運行的瓶頸;絕大多數污堵的反滲透前面都設置了超濾,可見超濾并沒能有效保護反滲透,所以還有必要把超濾當作反滲透的標配嗎?

如果沒有讓反滲透免遭污堵的能力,又自身頻繁污堵,這樣的設備有必要盡早被省錢省心又好用管用的過濾設備所替代。超濾的斷絲問題及端頭密封開膠問題是超濾沒保護好反滲透的根本原因,尤其斷絲問題是各品牌超濾普遍存在的問題,斷絲率多數高于千分之三(斷絲或端頭開膠均會導致進水與出水短路),此種情況下,雖然出水SDI值仍然能在合格范圍內,但是反滲透的污堵已經是明顯加劇了的例子很多。

易發生高濃度余氯傷害反滲透是超濾的硬傷。當一套超濾正在制水,另一套超濾在加次氯酸鈉反洗時,如果正在制水的那套超濾的反洗進水閥門內漏,就會有高濃度的次氯酸鈉漏入到超濾產水箱,進而危及反滲透的安全;

或者當超濾在加次氯酸鈉反洗時,如果該超濾的產水閥門內漏,也會發生上述事故;

另外,加次氯酸鈉反洗時,超濾內還殘存次氯酸鈉時就轉入制水;

超濾運行制水時,由于系統設計不周,導致對次氯酸鈉加藥管產生了虹吸,這些事件都是發生過的,都危害到了反滲透。所以,超濾不是談余氯色變的反滲透的本質安全型的預處理設備。

易發生斷絲是超濾的死結。超濾是表層過濾設備,表層過濾的納污能力差,納污能力差就得頻繁反洗,頻繁反洗就是膜絲頻繁抖動和頻繁接觸強氧化劑次氯酸鈉的過程,這易導致膜絲從與端頭的結合處由于疲勞應力而斷絲(就像你用手反復折彎一根鐵絲,鐵絲很快被折斷一樣,水力的反復沖擊也會折斷膜絲),斷絲就使得進水與出水短路,短路之后,超濾的出水質量就無法保證反滲透的長周期不污堵。


反滲透


二十一、比超濾省錢省心又好用的過濾器

其實,高吸附能力濾料的過濾器比超濾省錢省心又好用管用,裝填濾料的過濾器屬于深層過濾,納污能力是表層過濾設備無法比擬的,因此,無需頻繁反洗。由于不同的濾料對水中污染物的吸附能力差別很大,而吸附能力是決定濾料凈化水質能力的主因,因此,當同一臺過濾器在更換了吸附能力更大的濾料之后,只要再將過濾器的進水泵換成更大出力的水泵,該過濾器的凈化水的能力(水量及水質)就可以輕松提升為之前使用石英砂濾料時的3倍,石英砂過濾器的出水精度相當于20微米,將該過濾器內的石英砂及無煙煤更換為吸附能力更大的濾料之后,比石英砂、無煙煤濾料的物理吸附多了電吸附和催化效應,故具有更高的過濾精度,該過濾器的出水精度可以小于5微米,這個精度完全滿足反滲透進水對懸浮物的需求。

高吸附能力濾料依靠電荷吸附油污及細小懸浮物,污物不直接接觸濾料,反洗時污染物容易剝離,濾料不板結,清洗更容易,該高吸附能力的濾料具有抗有機物污堵的特殊功能且被吸附物的脫附性能好,因此,反洗時不需要次氯酸鈉等化學藥劑助力的強化反洗,不存在設計不周、操作不慎或閥門內漏等導致次氯酸鈉進入反滲透的致命事故隱患;濾料使用壽命不低于10年,堆積密度是1.25,不易板結,這個特性能夠實現長周期制水和自用水率低,反洗耗水量是石英砂的50%,自用水率是產水量的5%以下,反洗流量是石英砂的75%。高吸附能力濾料反沖僅需5~7分鐘,濾料表面污物去除率達90%以上,而普通濾料反洗則需10~20分鐘,表面污物去除率僅60%

由于傳統復雜反滲透預處理工藝中的多數設備是多余的、無用的、甚至是有害的、有事故隱患的,所以,用不板結高吸附能力的濾料過濾器+有機污堵制器能取代當前廣泛流行的復雜冗長的、反滲透仍然頻繁污堵的反滲透回用中水、廢水循環水的預處理工藝,占地面積只有砂濾器的三分之一、日常運行費用可以減少90%、反滲透的污堵周期能延長至少10倍。

二十二、再生水循環利用試點城市中的機會

202441日的新聞聯播提到目前黃河流域再生水循環利用試點城市是22個,這22個城市必然正在建設或已建成用反滲透回用市政中水和工業廢水的超大型項目,這些項目都會面臨膜污堵困境。

在高質量發展的時代召喚下,水處理業內通過理論創新,以非化學藥劑的工藝濾芯污堵與反滲透污堵兩大困局。憑借透徹的反滲透使用經驗的軟實力和有機污堵制器及免維護保安過濾器這兩個差異化競爭產品硬實力的優勢,反滲透頻繁污堵和保安過濾器濾芯頻繁污堵這兩個困擾行業20多年的頑疾,以中水、循環水、廢水、海水、地表水、垃圾滲濾液礦井水為水源的反滲透或納濾及超濾都需要有機污堵制器及免維護保安過濾器做前處理,纖維過濾器、電吸附、電滲析、陽床陰床混床、EDI也需要,但顛覆性創新技術的推廣初期,都會經歷一個受固化思維、固有利益鏈的質疑和抵制期,很需要遇到伯樂、知音和慧眼識珠者,很可喜的是,今年的有機污堵控制器的新增業務將會明顯好于去年,去年投運的項目的回款也陸續到賬,這證明反滲透防污堵的創新技術已跨過了從零到一的艱難期


反滲透


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