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農村生活污水處理工藝比對及推薦(下)

2022-06-10  來自: 環保水圈 瀏覽次數:718

三、分散式處理農村生活污水系統

1分散式地埋處理系統介紹

1)分散式地埋處理系統

使用分散式的地埋處理系統,將污水處理設備埋與地下,能夠有效地保證地表的結構不受到損壞,還能夠節約土地空間,將設備埋與地下,能夠達到長時間的污水處理效果,設備的操作方式簡單,處理效果好,能夠達到農村生活污水處理的基本要求。

農村生活污水

2分散式處理的混合處理系統

分散式處理中的混合處理系統的方式,主要指的是通過不同 的途徑,將污水集中到一起進行處理,這種方式主要指的是通過所有污水的混合,對廢水進行稀釋,繼而進行污水處理

2、分散式處理農村生活污水技術

1人工濕地處理技術

人工濕地處理技術是分散式處理技術中的一種,主要指的是利用人工,建立一個人工的濕地,對自然濕地進行模仿,其中有很多的植物、微生物、水和化學物質,通過與污水形成生物反應、物理反應與化學反應。對污水進行過濾處理,再經過沉淀、交換離子等方式對污水中的雜物進行處理,再利用濕地的性質,將污水進行凈化。有效地保證對污水進行處理,還能夠節約對污水進行處理的經濟成本,得到了大部分地區的廣泛使用。人工濕地主要的存在形式,有表面流、潛流和垂直流三種,農村處理生活廢水主要用的是前兩種方式。

2穩定塘處理技術

穩定塘處理技術主要是利用菌藻類植物對污水中的雜質進行處理,通過吸附作用將有機物進行處理,再通過微生物降解,將生活污水進行過濾、沉淀,能夠有效地保證對生活污水的凈化。但是這種方式的需要占很大面積進行建設,而且處理的過程消耗的時間比較長。現階段,根據不斷地研究,已經有了很多種類型的穩定塘。通過一段時間的處理,能夠減少水資源中的有害物質,去除水中的污臭味。

3生態濾池處理技術

生態濾池處理技術指的是由一些碎石與塑料物品相互結合,對自然環境的生態原理進行模仿。能夠通過濾池中的生物膜、微生物等對生活污水進行凈化,能夠有效地減少污水中的顆粒物。通過生態模擬,將污水中的可溶性污染物進行處理,凈化污水。現階段,農村針對生態濾池的處理技術,大多數使用的都是曝氣、塔式、高負荷等方式的生物濾池。

4生態浮島處理技術

生態浮島技術主要指的是,利用氧元素,進行化學反應,能夠有效地去除污水中的有機物質。再利用微生物脫氧、植物吸收的方式對水中的氮進行去除。通過微生物降磷、化學作用、植物吸收的方式對水中的磷進行降解。能夠有效地保證水中的有害物質被吸收。

3、分散式處理農村生活污水的應用

1膜生物污水處理反應器

現階段,部分技術發達的農村地區,已經在使用膜生物污水的處理方式,對污水進行處理,能夠有效地保證對生活污水進行處理。

膜生物污水處理反應器主要使用的是科學技術處理的方式。通過膜生物技術的使用,能夠將分離與處理有機的結合起來,是現階段廣泛使用的一種污水處理技術

膜生物污水處理反應器的結構主要是由膜組件與生物反應器相互結合。主要的原理是將污水引進反應器,再通過微生物對污水中的物質進行分解,同時將污水中的微生物留在反應器當中,能夠達到既定污水處理效率,而且反應器的占地面積也不大,能夠自動對污水進行處理。

一般情況下,可以將污水進行就地處理,能夠將處理后的污水進行回收利用。

2蚯蚓生態濾池

使用蚯蚓生態濾池,是近幾年來研究的污水處理技術,指的是在一個池塘中,模擬蚯蚓和微生物的生存環境,再將污水引進濾池當中,利用蚯蚓將污水中的淤泥進行分解,并能夠濾床進行清掃,能夠避免生態濾池出現堵塞的現象,提升了生物的活性。而且使用生態濾池的方式,在建設的過程中比較簡單,方便工作人員進行操作管理,在現階段的農村生活污水的處理中得到了廣泛的應用,比較適合農村的生態環境要求。

目前,大多數農村污水仍采用重力法收集,在南方水系發達的地區,尤其在雨季,易發生污水回流、倒灌。設計時應充分考慮河道雨季水位上漲的因素,增設倒虹管、止回閥和檢查井等,根據實際情況合理設置污水收集井和提升泵,避免該現象的發生。

3做好施工保障措施

部分村莊污水處理設施建設選址可能覆蓋農田、果園。村委會或鎮政府需提前做好環保宣傳、苗圃遷移和補償工作,并協調好建設期施工單位與周邊村民的關系,確保順利施工。

4運行期的維護和監督

很多農村生活污水處理設施在運營管理期存在設施負責人不明確、運營費支付不到位、出水水質判斷依據不足等問題。除拓寬資金渠道外,一方面要將運營期管理、付費和監測等細節納入招標文件或合同中,增強可操作性;另一方面需探索監督管理辦法,建立有效的目標考核和責任追究制度。

四、農村生活污水推薦工藝

村莊布局分散、人口規模較小、地形條件復雜、污水不易集中收集的村莊,宜采用庭院式小型濕地處理技術;村莊人口集中、經濟條件好、旅游業發達的村莊,宜采人工濕地處理技術;對于鎮區,人口相對較多,處理站規模較大,推薦選用A2/O技術。對于飲用水水源地保護區、自然保護區、風景名勝區等環境敏感區域的村莊,須按照功能區水體相關要求及排放標準處理達標后排放。

1人工濕地-氧化塘

適用于有可以利用的原水塘的農村地區,可根據項目所在地土地利用情況,在原水塘附近設置污水處理站,并把將原水塘改造成氧化塘,氧化塘出水排入附近排水溝。

生活污水經過化糞池預處理后,經過污水管收集后自流入污水處理站格柵槽;格柵槽對污水中的較大漂浮物進行去除,出水自流入初沉池,對污水初步沉降,降低污水的懸浮物,延長后續人工濕地使用壽命;初沉池出水自流入人工濕地,利用濕地系統對污水中的有機物進行去除;濕地出水自流入氧化塘,對污水中的有機物進一步降解,氧化塘采用魚塘增氧機適量增氧,氧化塘出水排至周邊排水渠。

2水解沉淀-人工濕地-砂濾池

適用于排放標準要求一 級B,且無可利用魚塘、排水渠等區域。

生活污水經過化糞池預處理后,經過污水管收集后自流入污水處理站格柵槽;格柵槽對污水中的較大漂浮物進行去除,出水自流入水解沉淀池,將大顆粒形態物質水解轉化為較易降解的小顆粒形態物質,大分子水解變小分子為主,以便后段處理單元能順利分解污染物,水解沉淀池出水自流入人工濕地,利用濕地系統的生物、物理、化學作用,對污水中的有機物進行去除,接入砂濾池,進一步過濾處理,優化出水水質。

3水解-接觸氧化-人工濕地

在有環境敏感區或者排污較嚴格區域的農村地區,可適當提高污水處理規格。

污水自流至格柵井,經調節沉淀池初步沉淀處理后進入水解池,水解主要用于低濃度廢水的預處理,其主要作用是提高廢水的可生化性,降解COD,以利于后續的好氧處理;經水解后的污水,進入接觸氧化池,用鼓風機在填料底部充氧曝氣,空氣能自下而上,夾帶待處理的廢水,自由通過濾料部分到達水面,空氣逸走后,廢水則在濾料間格自上向下返回池底,活性污泥附在填料表面,并受到上升氣流的強烈攪動,不斷更新,去除大部分的有機物;接觸氧化池出水經沉淀后進入人工濕地,進一步降低有機物含量,使污水達標排放。

五、結語

農村生活污水的收集模式、治理技術的選擇和運營維護都要充分結合當地的實際情況,在“因地制宜、經濟適用”的基礎上,充分融合地方特色,并逐漸優化投資、運行和監督管理制度,形成科學合的農村環境治理的市場化模式,推動農村經濟、環境協調發展。

衡水市衡美水處理設備有限公司,專營 淺層砂過濾器 過濾器 全自動加藥裝置 原水處理設備 等業務,有意向的客戶請咨詢我們,聯系電話:0318-2987119

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