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恒壓供水系統(tǒng)細(xì)節(jié)詳解

2021-10-13  來自: 環(huán)保水圈 瀏覽次數(shù):873

恒壓供水是一種水利系統(tǒng)的供水方式。供水是國民生產(chǎn)生活中不可缺少的重要一環(huán)。傳統(tǒng)供水方式占地面積大,水質(zhì)易污染,基建投資多,而主要的缺點(diǎn)是水壓不能保持恒定,導(dǎo)致部分設(shè)備不能正常工作。

恒壓供水

恒壓供水能夠保持供水壓力的恒定,可使供水和用水之間保持平衡,即用水多時供水也多,用水少時供水也少,從而提高了供水的質(zhì)量。

一、介紹

變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)是一種新型成熟的交流電機(jī)調(diào)速技術(shù),它以其優(yōu)良的控制性能被廣泛應(yīng)用于速度控制領(lǐng)域,特別是供水行業(yè)中。由于生產(chǎn)和供水質(zhì)量的特殊需要,對恒壓供水壓力有著嚴(yán)格的要求,因而變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)得到了更加深入的應(yīng)用。恒壓供水方式技術(shù)成熟、水壓恒定、操作方便、運(yùn)行可靠、節(jié)約電能、自動化程度高,在泵站供水中可完成以下功能:

1、維持水壓恒定;

2、控制系統(tǒng)可手動/自動運(yùn)行

3、多臺泵自動切換運(yùn)行;

4、系統(tǒng)睡眠與喚醒,當(dāng)外界停止用水時,系統(tǒng)處于睡眠狀態(tài),直至有用水需求時自動喚醒;

5、在線調(diào)整PID參數(shù);

6、泵組及線路保護(hù)檢測報警,信號顯示等。

將管網(wǎng)的實際壓力經(jīng)反饋后與給定壓力進(jìn)行比較,當(dāng)管網(wǎng)壓力不足時,變頻器加大輸出頻率,水泵轉(zhuǎn)速加快,供水量增加,迫使管網(wǎng)壓力上升。反之水泵轉(zhuǎn)速減慢,供水量減小,管網(wǎng)壓力下降,保持恒壓供水。

二、系統(tǒng)硬件

系統(tǒng)采用壓力傳感器、PLC和變頻器作為控制裝置,實現(xiàn)所需功能。安裝在管網(wǎng)干線上的壓力傳感器,用于檢測管網(wǎng)的水壓,將壓力轉(zhuǎn)化為420 mA的電流或者是0~10V的電壓信號,提供給變頻器。

變頻器是水泵電機(jī)的控制設(shè)備,能按照水壓恒定需要將050 Hz的頻率信號供給水泵電機(jī),調(diào)整其轉(zhuǎn)速SAJ變頻器功能強(qiáng)大,即預(yù)先編置好的參數(shù)集,將使用過程中所需設(shè)定的參數(shù)數(shù)量減小,參數(shù)的缺省值依應(yīng)用宏的選擇而不同。系統(tǒng)采用PID控制的應(yīng)用宏,進(jìn)行閉環(huán)控制。變頻器根據(jù)恒壓時對應(yīng)的電壓設(shè)定值與從壓力傳感器獲得的反饋電流信號,利用PID控制宏自動調(diào)節(jié),改變頻率輸出值來調(diào)節(jié)所控制的水泵電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速,以保證管網(wǎng)壓力恒定要求。

三、變頻器

1、變頻調(diào)速的特點(diǎn)分析

用戶用水量一般是動態(tài)的,因此供水不足或供水過剩的情況時有發(fā)生。而用水和供水之間的不平衡集中反映在供水的壓力上,即用水多而供水少,則壓力低;用水少而供水多,則壓力大。保持供水壓力的恒定,可使供水和用水之間保持平衡,即用水多時供水也多,用水少時供水也少,從而提高了供水的質(zhì)量。

2、變頻應(yīng)用方式

通常在同一路供水系統(tǒng)中,設(shè)置多臺常用泵,供水量大時多臺泵全開,供水量小時開一臺或兩臺。在采用變頻調(diào)速進(jìn)行恒壓供水時,就用兩種方式,其一是所有水泵配用一臺變頻器;其二是每臺水泵配用一臺變頻器。后種方法根據(jù)壓力反饋信號,通過PID運(yùn)算自動調(diào)整變頻器輸出頻率,改變電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速,達(dá)到管網(wǎng)恒壓的目的,就一個閉環(huán)回路,較簡單,但成本高。前種方法成本低,性能不比后種差,但控制程序較復(fù)雜,是未來的發(fā)展方向。

3PID控制原理

根據(jù)反饋原理:要想維持一個物理量不變或基本不變,就應(yīng)該與這個物理量與恒值比較,形成閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)。我們要想保持水壓的恒定,因此就引入水壓反饋值與給定值比較,從而形成閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)。但被控制的系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)是非線性、大慣性的系統(tǒng),控制和PID相結(jié)合的方法,在壓力波動較大時使用模糊控制,以加快響應(yīng)速度;在壓力范圍較小時采用PID來保持靜態(tài)精度。這通過PLC加智能儀表可實現(xiàn)該算法,同時對PLC的編程來實現(xiàn)泵的工頻與變頻之間的切換。實踐證明,使用這種方法是可行的,而且造價也不高。

要想維持供水網(wǎng)的壓力不變,根據(jù)反饋定理在管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的管理上安裝了壓力變送器作為反饋元件,由于供水系統(tǒng)管道長、管徑大,管網(wǎng)的充壓都較慢,故系統(tǒng)是一個大滯后系統(tǒng),不易直接采用PID調(diào)節(jié)器進(jìn)行控制,而采用PLC參與控制的方式來實現(xiàn)對控制系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)作用

4、變頻控制原理

用變頻調(diào)速來實現(xiàn)恒壓供水,與用調(diào)節(jié)閥門來實現(xiàn)恒壓供水相比,節(jié)能效果十分顯著(可根據(jù)具體情況計算出來)。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是:

1)起動平衡,起動電流可限制在額定電流以內(nèi),從而避免了起動時對電網(wǎng)的沖擊;

2)由于泵的平均轉(zhuǎn)速降低了,從而可延長泵和閥門等的使用壽命

3)可以消除起動和停機(jī)時的水錘效應(yīng);

一般地說,當(dāng)由一臺變頻器控制一臺電動機(jī)時,只需使變頻器的配用電動機(jī)容量與實際電動機(jī)容量相符即可。當(dāng)一臺變頻器同時控制兩臺電動機(jī)時,原則上變頻器的配用電動機(jī)容量應(yīng)等于兩臺電動機(jī)的容量之和。但如在高峰負(fù)載時的用水量比兩臺水泵全速供水量相差很多時。

雖然水泵在低速運(yùn)行時,電動機(jī)的工作電流較小。但是,當(dāng)用戶的用水量變化頻繁時,電動機(jī)將處于頻繁的升、降速狀態(tài),而升、降速的電流可略超過電動機(jī)的額定電流,導(dǎo)致電動機(jī)過熱。因此,需要對電動進(jìn)行熱保護(hù)。對于這種由于頻繁地升、降速而積累起來的溫升,變頻器內(nèi)的電子熱保護(hù)功能是難以起到保護(hù)作用的,所以應(yīng)采用熱繼電器來進(jìn)行電動機(jī)的熱保護(hù)。

在主要功能預(yù)置方面,頻率應(yīng)以電動機(jī)的額定頻率為變頻器的工作頻率。升、降速時間在采用PID調(diào)節(jié)器的情況下,升、降速時間應(yīng)盡量設(shè)定得短一些,以免影響由PID調(diào)節(jié)器決定的動態(tài)響應(yīng)過程。如變頻器本身具有PID調(diào)節(jié)功能時,只要在預(yù)置時設(shè)定PID功能有效,則所設(shè)定的升速和降速時間將自動失效。

5、恒壓供水系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)

1)節(jié)電:優(yōu)化的節(jié)能控制軟件,使水泵實現(xiàn)節(jié)能運(yùn)行;

2)節(jié)水:根據(jù)實際用水情況設(shè)定管網(wǎng)壓力,自動控制水泵出水量,減少了水的跑、漏現(xiàn)象;

3)運(yùn)行可靠:由變頻器實現(xiàn)泵的軟起動,使水泵實現(xiàn)由工頻到變頻的無沖擊切換,防止管網(wǎng)沖擊、避免管網(wǎng)壓力超限,管道破裂。

4)控制靈活:分段供水,定時供水,手動選擇工作方式。

5)自我保護(hù)功能完善:如某臺泵出現(xiàn)故障,主動向上位機(jī)發(fā)出報警信息,同時啟動備用泵,以維持供水平衡。萬一自控系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障,用戶可以直接操作手動系統(tǒng),以保護(hù)供水。

6、系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用范圍

1)自來水廠、加壓泵房

2)居民生活區(qū)、賓館及其它建筑

3)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)用水

4)鍋爐循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)

5) 農(nóng)田灌溉系統(tǒng)

7、同其它供水方式相比較,變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng),除了具有顯著的節(jié)能效果外,還有以下顯而易見的優(yōu)勢

1)恒壓供水技術(shù)因采用變頻器改變電動機(jī)電源頻率,而達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)水泵轉(zhuǎn)速改變水泵出口壓力,比靠調(diào)節(jié)閥門的控制水泵出口壓力的方式,具有降低管道阻力大大減少截流損失的效能。

2)由于變量泵工作在變頻工況,在其出口流量小于額定流量,泵轉(zhuǎn)速降低,減少了軸承的磨損和發(fā)熱,延長泵和電動機(jī)的機(jī)械使用壽命。

3)水泵電動機(jī)采用軟啟動方式,按設(shè)定的加速時間加速,避免電動機(jī)啟動時的電流沖擊,對電網(wǎng)電壓造成波動的影響,同時也避免了電動機(jī)突然加速造成泵系統(tǒng)的喘振。消除水錘現(xiàn)象。

4)實現(xiàn)恒壓自動控制,不需要操作人員頻繁操作,降低了人員的勞動強(qiáng)度,節(jié)省了人力。

四、設(shè)備

1、變頻水泵控制柜的結(jié)構(gòu)及原理

變頻水泵控制柜系統(tǒng)通過測到的管道壓力,經(jīng)變頻器系統(tǒng)內(nèi)置的PID調(diào)節(jié)器運(yùn)算,調(diào)節(jié)輸出頻率,然后實現(xiàn)管網(wǎng)的恒壓供水。變頻器的頻率超限信號(一般可作為管網(wǎng)壓力信號)可適時通知PLC的進(jìn)行變頻泵切換。為防止水錘現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生,泵的開關(guān)將聯(lián)動其出口閥門。

2、變頻水泵控制柜特點(diǎn)

根據(jù)水池(箱)內(nèi)水位的高低自動控制電磁閥(或電動閥)的啟閉,以控制水箱()的進(jìn)水并使水池(箱)自動保持水量供用戶使用。

3、變頻水泵控制柜主要由變頻控制箱,壓力傳感器,水泵等組成。變頻控制柜由斷路器,變頻器,接觸器,中間繼電器,PLC的等組成。

五、應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域

1、自來水供水、生活小區(qū)及消防供水系統(tǒng),亦可用于熱水供應(yīng)、恒壓噴淋等系統(tǒng)。

2、工業(yè)企業(yè)生活、生產(chǎn)供水系統(tǒng)及工廠其它需恒壓控制領(lǐng)域(如空壓機(jī)系統(tǒng)的恒壓供氣、恒壓供風(fēng))。各種場合的恒壓、變壓控制,冷卻水和循環(huán)供水系統(tǒng)。

3污水泵站、污水處理污水提升系統(tǒng)。

4、農(nóng)業(yè)排灌、園林噴淋、水景和音樂噴泉系統(tǒng)。

5、賓館、大型公共建筑供水及消防系統(tǒng)。

六、工作條件

1、輸送介質(zhì):冷熱清潔、非易燃易爆并不含固體顆粒或纖維的液體。

2、液體溫度:常溫型 -15 ℃至 +70 ℃ 熱水型 +70 ℃ 至 +120℃。

3、周圍環(huán)境:無水滴、蒸汽,無漂浮性塵埃及金屬微粒場所。無日光照射,高溫及嚴(yán)重落塵場所。無腐蝕、易 燃性氣體及液體場所。無震動、保養(yǎng)檢查容易之場所。

4、環(huán)境溫度:+45℃且通風(fēng)良好。




衡水市衡美水處理設(shè)備有限公司,專營 淺層砂過濾器 過濾器 全自動加藥裝置 原水處理設(shè)備 等業(yè)務(wù),有意向的客戶請咨詢我們,聯(lián)系電話:0318-2987119

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