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恒壓供水詳解(一)

2021-09-19  來自: 環保水圈 瀏覽次數:869

一、導讀

恒壓供水是一種水利系統供水方式。供水是國民生產生活中不可缺少的重要一環。傳統供水方式占地面積大,水質易污染,基建投資多,而主要的缺點是水壓不能保持恒定,導致部分設備不能正常工作。

恒壓供水能夠保持供水壓力的恒定,可使供水和用水之間保持平衡,即用水多時供水也多,用水少時供水也少,從而提高了供水的質量。


恒壓供水

二、目錄

1介紹

2、系統硬件

3變頻器

4、設備

5使用領域

6、工作條件

三、介紹

變頻調速技術是一種新型成熟的交流電機調速技術,它以其優良的控制性能被廣泛應用于速度控制領域,特別是供水行業中。由于生產和供水質量的特殊需要,對恒壓供水壓力有著嚴格的要求,因而變頻調速技術得到了更加深入的應用。恒壓供水方式技術成熟、水壓恒定、操作方便、運行可靠、節約電能、自動化程度高,在泵站供水中可完成以下功能:

1維持水壓恒定;

2控制系統可手動/自動運行;

3多臺泵自動切換運行;

4系統睡眠與喚醒,當外界停止用水時,系統處于睡眠狀態,直至有用水需求時自動喚醒;

5在線調整PID參數;

6泵組及線路保護檢測報警,信號顯示等。

將管網的實際壓力經反饋后與給定壓力進行比較,當管網壓力不足時,變頻器加大輸出頻率,水泵轉速加快,供水量增加,迫使管網壓力上升。反之水泵轉速減慢,供水量減小,管網壓力下降,保持恒壓供水。

四、系統硬件

系統采用壓力傳感器、PLC和變頻器作為控制裝置,實現所需功能。 安裝在管網干線上的壓力傳感器用于檢測管網的水壓,將壓力轉化為420 mA的電流或者是0~10V的電壓信號,提供給變頻器。

變頻器是水泵電機的控制設備,能按照水壓恒定需要將050 Hz的頻率信號供給水泵電機,調整其轉速SAJ變頻器功能強大,即預先編置好的參數集,將使用過程中所需設定的參數數量減小到底限,參數的缺省值依應用宏的選擇而不同。系統采用PID控制的應用宏,進行閉環控制。變頻器根據恒壓時對應的電壓設定值與從壓力傳感器獲得的反饋電流信號,利用PID控制宏自動調節,改變頻率輸出值來調節所控制的水泵電機轉速,以保證管網壓力恒定要求。

五、變頻器

1變頻調速的特點分析

用戶用水量一般是動態的,因此供水不足或供水過剩的情況時有發生。而用水和供水之間的不平衡集中反映在供水的壓力上,即用水多而供水少,則壓力低;用水少而供水多,則壓力大。

恒壓供水系統對于用戶是非常重要的。在生產生活供水時,若自來水供水因故壓力不足或短時斷水,可能影響生活質量,嚴重時會影響生產,如發生火災時,若供水壓力不足或或無水供應,不能迅速滅火,可能引起重大經濟損失和人員傷亡。所以,用水區域采用恒壓供水系統,能產生較大的經濟效益和社會效益。

隨著電力技術的發展,變頻調速技術的日臻完善,以變頻調速為核心的智能供水控制系統取代了以往高位水箱和壓力罐等供水設備,起動平穩,起動電流可限制在額定電流以內,從而避免了起動時對電網的沖擊;由于泵的平均轉速降低了,從而可延長泵和閥門等東西的使用壽命;可以消除起動和停機時的水錘效應。其穩定運行性能、簡單方便的操作方式、以及齊全周到的功能,將使供水實現節水、節電、節省人力,達到理想運行目的。

2變頻應用方式

通常在同一路供水系統中,設置多臺常用泵,供水量大時多臺泵全開,供水量小時開一臺或兩臺。在采用變頻調速進行恒壓供水時,就用兩種方式,其一是所有水泵配用一臺變頻器;其二是每臺水泵配用一臺變頻器。后種方法根據壓力反饋信號,通過PID運算自動調整變頻器輸出頻率,改變電動機轉速,達到管網恒壓的目的,就一個閉環回路,較簡單,但成本高。前種方法成本低,性能不比后種差,但控制程序較復雜,是未來的發展方向,比如上海正藝科技的恒壓供水控制系統就可實現一變頻器控制任意數馬達的功能。

3PID控制原理

反饋原理:要想維持一個物理量不變或基本不變,就應該引這個物理量與恒值比較,形成閉環系統。

要保持水壓的恒定,就要引入水壓反饋值與給定值比較,從而形成閉環系統。但被控制的系統特點是非線性、大慣性的系統,控制和PID相結合的方法,在壓力波動較大時使用模糊控制,以加快響應速度;在壓力范圍較小時采用PID來保持靜態精度。這通過PLC加智能儀表可時現該算法,同時對PLC的編程來時現泵的工頻與變頻之間的切換。實踐證明,使用這種方法是可行的,而且造價也不高。

要想維持供水網的壓力不變,根據反饋定理在管網系統的管理上安裝了壓力變送器作為反饋元件,由于供水系統管道長、管徑大,管網的充壓都較慢,故系統是一個大滯后系統,不易直接采用PID調節器進行控制,而采用PLC參與控制的方式來實現對控制系統調節作用

4變頻控制原理

用變頻調速來實現恒壓供水,與用調節閥門來實現恒壓供水相比,節能效果十分顯著。其優點是:

1)起動平衡,起動電流可限制在額定電流以內,從而避免了起動時對電網的沖擊;

2)由于泵的平均轉速降低了,從而可延長泵和閥門等的使用壽命;

3)可以消除起動和停機時的水錘效應。

一般地說,當由一臺變頻器控制一臺電動機時,只需使變頻器的配用電動機容量與實際電動機容量相符即可。當一臺變頻器同時控制兩臺電動機時,原則上變頻器的配用電動機容量應等于兩臺電動機的容量之和。但如在高峰負載時的用水量比兩臺水泵全速供水量相差很多時,工程師建議,可考慮適當減小變頻器的容量,但應注意留有足夠的容量。

雖然水泵在低速運行時,電動機的工作電流較小。但是,當用戶的用水量變化頻繁時,電動機將處于頻繁的升、降速狀態,而升、降速的電流可略超過電動機的額定電流,導致電動機過熱。因此,電動機的熱保護是必要的。對于這種由于頻繁地升、降速而積累起來的溫升,變頻器內的電子熱保護功能是難以起到保護作用的,所以應采用熱繼電器來進行電動機的熱保護。

在主要功能預置方面,高頻率應以電動機的額定頻率為變頻器的高工作頻率。升、降速時間在采用PID調節器的情況下,升、降速時間應盡量設定得短一些,以免影響由PID調節器決定的動態響應過程。如變頻器本身具有PID調節功能時,只要在預置時設定PID功能有效,則所設定的升速和降速時間將自動失效。

5恒壓供水系統特點

1)節電:優化的節能控制軟件,使水泵實現節能運行;

2)節水:根據實際用水情況設定管網壓力,自動控制水泵出水量,減少了水的跑、漏現象;

3)運行可靠:由變頻器實現泵的軟起動,使水泵實現由工頻到變頻的無沖擊切換,防止管網沖擊、避免管網壓力超限,管道破裂。

4)聯網功能:采用全中文工控組態軟件,實時監控各個站點,如電機的電壓、電流、工作頻率、管網壓力及流量等。并且能夠累積每個站點的用電量,累積每臺泵的出水量,同時提供各種形式的打印報表,以便分析統計。

5)控制靈活:分段供水,定時供水,手動選擇工作方式。

6)自我保護功能完善:如某臺泵出現故障,主動向上位機發出報警信息,同時啟動備用泵,以維持供水平衡。萬一自控系統出現故障,用戶可以直接操作手動系統,以保護供水。

6、系統應用范圍

1)自來水廠、加壓泵房;

2)居民生活區、賓館及其它建筑;

3)企業生產用水;

4)鍋爐循環水系統;

5 農田灌溉系統。

7同其它供水方式相比較,變頻恒壓供水系統,除了具有顯著的節能效果外,還有以下顯而易見的優勢

1)恒壓供水技術因采用變頻器改變電動機電源頻率,而達到調節水泵轉速改變水泵出口壓力,比靠調節閥門的控制水泵出口壓力的方式,具有降低管道阻力大大減少截流損失的效能。

2)由于變量泵工作在變頻工況,在其出口流量小于額定流量,泵轉速降低,減少了軸承的磨損和發熱,延長泵和電動機的機械使用壽命。

3)水泵電動機采用軟啟動方式,按設定的加速時間加速,避免電動機啟動時的電流沖擊,對電網電壓造成波動的影響,同時也避免了電動機突然加速造成泵系統的喘振。消除水錘現象。

4)實現恒壓自動控制,不需要操作人員頻繁操作,降低了人員的勞動強度,節省了人力。

衡水市衡美水處理設備有限公司,專營 淺層砂過濾器 過濾器 全自動加藥裝置 原水處理設備 等業務,有意向的客戶請咨詢我們,聯系電話:0318-2987119

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