中文字幕理伦午夜福利片_成人黄色在线免费观看_欧美黑人巨大videos极品_国产精品无码久久久久久_少妇人妻真实偷人精品视频_av在线高清观看_欧美黑人狂躁日本寡妇_国产精品久久久久久久久久免费看_大伊香蕉精品视频在线天堂_国产成人av片在线观看_av中文字幕不卡_丰满少妇大力进入av_亚洲欧美国产免费综合视频_玩弄人妻奶水无码av在线_精品无码一区二区三区电影_欧美丰满一区二区免费视频_国产亚洲欧洲综合5388_人人妻人人添人人爽日韩欧美_无码日韩人妻av一区免费_欧美激情网站

軟化水設備常見問題分析及維護注意事項(一)

2020-09-27  來自: 衡美水處理 瀏覽次數:1108

如何進行水處理

衡美水處理為您介紹一種經久耐用、性能優越的水處理設備——軟化水設備,并為您分析其運行中的常見問題維護注意事項

軟化水設備

一、軟化水設備的定義

軟化水設備,即降低水硬度的設備,主要除祛水中的鈣、鎂離子。軟化水設備在軟化水的過程中,不能降低水中的總含鹽量。

二、軟化水設備的工作原理

全自動離子交換器采用離子交換原理,去除水中的鈣、鎂等結垢離子。由于水的硬度主要由鈣、鎂形成及表示,將原水通過鈉型陽離子交換樹脂,使水中的硬度成分Ca2+Mg2+與樹脂中的Na+相交換,從而吸附水中的Ca2+Mg2+,使水得到軟化。

當樹脂吸收鈣鎂離子之后,隨著樹脂內Ca2+Mg2+的增加,樹脂去除Ca2+Mg2+的效能逐漸降低,就***進行再生。再生過程就是用鹽箱中的鹽水沖洗樹脂層,把樹脂上的硬度離子在置換出來,隨再生廢液排出罐外,樹脂就又恢復了軟化交換功能。

RNa代表鈉型樹脂,其交換過程如下:

2RNa+Ca2+=R2Ca+2Na+

2RNa+Mg2+=R2Mg+2Na+

三、軟化水設備工作流程

軟化水設備工作流程有工作(有時叫做產水,下同)、反洗、再生(吸鹽)、置換(慢沖洗)、正洗(快沖洗)五個過程。不同軟化水設備的所有工序非常接近,只是由于實際工藝的不同或控制的需要,可能會有一些附加的流程。任何以鈉離子交換為基礎的軟化水設備都是在這五個流程的基礎上發展來的(其中,全自動軟化水設備會增加鹽水重注過程)。

1工作

原水在壓力、時間下,通過控制器,進入裝有離子交換樹脂的容器(樹脂罐),樹脂中所含的Na+與水中的陽離子(Ca2+Mg2+Fe2+……等)進行交換,使容器出水的Ca2+Mg2+ 離子含量達到既定的要求,實現了硬水的軟化。

2反洗

工作一段時間后的設備,會在樹脂上部攔截很多由原水帶來的污物,把這些污物除去后,離子交換樹脂才能完全曝露出來,再生的效果才能得到保證。反洗過程就是水從樹脂的底部洗入,從頂部流出,這樣可以把頂部攔截下來的污物沖走。

反洗的目的有兩個:一是通過反洗,使運行中壓緊的樹脂層松動,有利于樹脂顆粒與再生液充分接觸;一是使樹脂表面積累的懸浮物及碎樹脂隨反洗水排出,從而使交換器的水流阻力不會越來越大。這個過程一般需要5-15分鐘左右。

3再生(吸鹽)

即將鹽水注入樹脂罐體的過程,傳統設備是采用鹽泵將鹽水注入,全自動的設備是采用專用的內置噴射器將鹽水吸入(只要進水有壓力即可)。在實際工作過程中,鹽水以較慢的速度流過樹脂的再生效果比單純用鹽水浸泡樹脂的效果好,所以軟化水設備都是采用鹽水慢速流過樹脂的方法使其恢復原有的交換能力。這個過程一般需要30分鐘左右,實際時間受用鹽量的影響。

4置換(慢速清洗

在再生液進完后,交換器內尚有未參與再生交換的鹽液,采用小于或等于再生液流速的清水進行清洗(慢速清洗),以充分利用鹽液的再生作用并減輕正洗的負荷。由于這個沖洗過程中仍有大量的功能基團上的鈣鎂離子被鈉離子交換,根據實際經驗,這個過程中是再生的主要過程,所以很多人將這個過程稱作置換。這個過程一般與吸鹽的時間相同,即30分鐘左右。

5正洗(快速清洗)

為了將殘留的鹽沖洗干凈,用原水對樹脂進行沖洗。目的是清除樹脂層中殘留的再生廢液,通常以正常流速清洗至出水合格為止。一般情況下,快沖洗過程為5-15分鐘。

6再生箱注水

向再生箱中注入溶液再生一次所需鹽量的水。為保證鹽箱中的鹽液濃度能達到飽和,首先***保證溶液時間不小于8小時,其次是***保證鹽箱中有足夠的鹽量。

四、軟化水設備技術指標與要求

入口水壓:0.18-0.6Mpa

工作溫度:1-55℃;

源水硬度:<8mmol>

操作方式:自動/手動;

出水硬度:0.03mmol/L

再生劑:NaCl

再生方式:順流/逆流;

交換劑:001*7強酸性離子交換樹脂;

控制方式:時間/流量;

工作電源:220V/50HZ

五、軟化水設備結構選型

1控制器

分為自動控制及手動控制。品牌上的選擇可以選擇進口也可以選擇國產。閥體的材質為輕質耐腐蝕工程塑料、無鉛黃銅。

2、樹脂罐

軟化水裝置罐體材料分為玻璃鋼、碳鋼不銹鋼。罐體材質一般為玻璃鋼罐(可選用碳鋼或不銹鋼襯塑罐體),罐體防腐、耐壓,使用壽命長。

3均勻布水系統

采用射流式布水,樹脂有效交換容量得以充分發揮,用鹽控制準確,無須鹽泵。

4進口高性能樹脂

選用強酸性陽離子交換樹脂001*7,破損率低,粒度均勻,提高離子樹脂交換率。

5設備控制形式

一種是制備水量達到設定值是自動還原,稱為流量型;適用于所有的給水系統軟化水處理設備。第二種是以時間為控制再生計量的方式,稱為時間型;適用于水量穩定的供水系統,還原再生周期為24小時。

6設備組合

單控單床:還原期間停止供水2小時或繼續供原水(硬水旁通)。

單控雙床:交替供水,一用一備型。

雙控雙床:交替供水,一用一備型。

雙控雙床:同時供水,交替再生。

多控幾床:三個以上軟化水樹脂罐并聯使用,適合大型供水系統。

可廣泛應用于蒸汽鍋爐、熱水鍋爐、交換器、蒸發冷凝器、空調、直燃機等系統的補給水的軟化。還可用于賓館、飯店、寫字樓、公寓、家居等生活用水的處理及食品、飲料、釀酒、洗衣、印染、化工、醫藥等行業的軟化水處理

六、設備優點

1、合理

軟化水設備整體設計配套合理,使樹脂的有效工作交換容量得以充分發揮。

2省工

自動化程度高,無需設專人值守。

3省水省電

軟化水裝置制水率達98%以上。采用虹吸再生原理,無需鹽泵,耗電量僅相當于手動軟水設備的1%

4占地空間小

只需提供樹脂罐和鹽箱的占地空間,節省管路所占空間。

5調整方便

用戶可根據實際需要,自行調整再生周期和再生時間。

6運行費用低

由于自動化程度高,軟水器能適應水量變化,準確計量產水量、計量再生劑的用量,避免了再生時再生劑無辜的浪費,同時可節省大量的人工費。

七、軟化水設備安裝步驟

1、保證罐體水平:先將樹脂罐、鹽罐就位于堅實的基礎上。

2、把下布水器牢固安裝在中心管底端。中心管上端低于罐口0.5mm處截斷并導角,然后用膠帶封住中心管口,以防樹脂漏入。

3、將樹脂均勻地裝入樹脂罐中。取下中心管的封口膠帶,將中心管上部及樹脂罐端面用水沖洗并擦干凈,中心管及控制器密封圈處涂上硅油。

4、將上布水器安裝到控制閥上,然后將中心管從上布水器內插入到控制閥內。小心地沿順時針方向轉動控制閥,直至旋緊在樹脂罐接口上(或用法蘭連接固定)要確保中心管插入閥體。下布水器與中心管***嚴密,注意:上布水器與控制閥、中心管。防止樹脂跑出。中心管與控制閥必需嚴密不漏水,否則會出現竄硬水現象。

5、鍋爐軟化水設備鹽閥組裝

把不銹鋼濾網插入小銅配件內;

帶濾網的一端與控制閥的吸鹽接口相連接;

將吸鹽管與閥體連接的小銅配件插入吸鹽管內后與塑料彎頭連接;

鹽水管路連接長度不應超越2m要保持良好的密封性;

把鹽閥置入鹽箱的鹽井中,否則會影響軟水器的再生效果。

6、排水管的連接長度不應超越6m不得采用軟塑料管。影響排水效果。

7、鍋爐軟化水設備管道連接。

八、設計安裝要點

設備本身結構簡單、占地較小,所以在設計安裝方面沒有特殊要求。在設計安裝時僅需注意以下幾點:

1設備需簡單水平地基;距墻約250~450mm,可根據實際情況靠邊角布置;

2因為設備本身較輕,一般只需考慮設備所裝樹脂及水的重量即可;

3進、出水管為標準法蘭或螺紋連接,需固定支撐好,不能依托閥體做支撐,以防產生應力;

4進水管上應裝水壓表。設備運行時有沖洗水排放,就近設置地漏或排水溝。

5鹽水管:鹽水箱應盡量靠近軟化罐,鹽水管越短越好;

6排污管不要長于6米,不要裝截止閥,出口不要高于閥體,終端開口以免產生虹吸,彎頭越少越好;

7在設備附近的墻上安置配電插座,應裝有保險絲(一般不要裝開關),要求接地良好。

衡美水處理專注水處理設備生產研發十五年,為您量身定制水處理解決方案

衡水市衡美水處理設備有限公司,專營 淺層砂過濾器 過濾器 全自動加藥裝置 原水處理設備 等業務,有意向的客戶請咨詢我們,聯系電話:0318-2987119

CopyRight ? 版權所有: 衡水市衡美水處理設備有限公司 技術支持:衡水航宇 網站地圖 XML

本站關鍵字: 反滲透設備


掃一掃訪問移動端
主站蜘蛛池模板: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |