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屠宰廢水處理技術解析

2019-12-23  來自: 衡美水處理公眾平臺 瀏覽次數:1457

如何進行水處理

衡美水處理為您介紹一種***、實用的水處理技術——屠宰廢水處理技術

屠宰廢水來自屠宰前的沖洗水,屠宰后肉和內臟的清洗水和屠宰設備及車間地面沖洗水。該廢水具有水質水量變化大,宰殺量和生產廢水隨季節變化幅度大,有機物含量高,可生化性好,固體懸浮物含量高,廢水中并含有大量的血廢、油脂、毛、肉屑、內臟雜物未消化食物,糞便等廢物并帶血紅色的血腥味,屠宰廢水中有部分生活污水排入。根據上述特點,本方案采用工藝***、占地面積小的物化+生化處理方案,還具有很強的適應性及耐沖擊性,處理后出水水質達***《肉類加工工業水污染物排放標準》三級標準。

屠宰廢水

1、廢水的水量:

根據用戶提供的有關資料,每天屠宰量為500頭,根據設計經驗,屠宰每頭豬廢水的排放量為0.8T,所以設計水量Q=400m3/d,按20小時計算,處理水量為20m3/h

2、水原水水質及排放標準:

出水達到***《肉類加工工業水污染物排放標準》GB13457921997 71日以后立項畜類屠宰加工類三級排放濃度。

屠宰廢水

第 一章 設計依據及原則

一、法律法規標準

1、建設項目環境保護條例》(***[1998]253號令);

2《建設項目環境保護設計規定》(國環字[87]03號文件附件); 3污水綜合排放標準》(GB8978-1996);

4《屠宰行業廢水污染防治技術政策》

5《城鎮污水處理廠污染物排放標準》(GB18918-2002)

6《肉類加工工業水污染物排放標準》(GB13457-1992

7《城市污水處理廠運行維護 及其安全技術規程》(CJJ60-94);

8《室外排水工程設計規范》(GBJ14-87);

9《給水排水工程結構設計規范》(GBJ69-84);

二、標準及要求

1廢水水量

根據企業提供的資料,本方案廢水處理設計規模為400m3/d,主要為沖洗豬圈、屠宰生產廢水和廠內生活廢水。

2水質狀況

該廠生產廢水及生活廢水主要污染特征指標如下: 屠宰廢水

3排放標準

根據企業和環保部門要求,廢水排放標準執行《肉類加工工業水污染物排放標準》(G B13457-1992)三級排放標準。即:

屠宰廢水

三、設計原則

為保證本工程順利完成,達到建設單位建設要求,本項目擬定的設計原則為:

1、嚴格執行***環境保護法律法規要求,在保證處理后水質達標的前提下,滿足建設單位及當地環保主管部門的其他環境管理要求;

2、采用合理、成熟、可靠的處理工藝,力求環境效益與經濟效益的統一;

3、工藝設計設備選型能夠在其運行操作中具有較大的靈活性和操作彈性,能夠適應本項目水質、水量變化范圍大、沖擊負荷強的特點,確保出水穩定達標排放。

4、污水處理站設計便于管理、方便維修,盡可能地采用節能產品以降低污水處理運行費用;

5各操作控制節點以現揚控制為主,合理安排操作崗位和監控崗位,有效減少勞動用工,節約運行成本。

第二章 主要產污環節及污染特征評價

1主要產污環節評述

本項目廢水主要來源于屠宰車間,主要包括:

(1)動物糞便;

(2)屠宰過程中的血污染廢水;

(3)燙毛、清洗胴體內臟廢水;

(4)沖洗車間地面、器具廢水。

其中屠宰過程排放的廢水中血污染嚴重,通常放出的血均回收利用,既減少處理負荷又增加收入。

2廢水特征分析

屠宰過程中廢水往往集中在短時間內排放,波動較大。pH值適中、水溫(1020℃)、有機物及懸浮物含量高,且伴有數量不少的浮油。

第三章 水處理工藝流程選擇

屠宰廢水成分復雜,污染物含量高,水質和水量變化周期大,通常具有高有機物,營養物不平衡,對環境影響大等特點。目前,對此類廢水常用處理手段以物化強化+生物處理為主,實踐應用中多根據實際廢水的污染特點,采用各種物理化學以及生物的技術進行有效組合。常見單元處理技術包括:

1物理化學法

1)混凝法

主要有混凝沉淀法和混凝氣浮法,該法主要去除對象為水中的膠體類不溶性物質,對水中溶解性物質去除效果較差。混凝劑多半以鋁鹽和鐵鹽為主,其中以堿式氯化鋁(PAC)的吸附架橋性能較好,以硫酸亞鐵(FeSO4)的價格低。近年來,國外采用有機高分子混凝劑者日益增加,且有取代無機混凝劑之勢,而在國內因價格原因,使用高分子混凝劑者尚不多見。

混凝法的優點在于工藝流程簡單、運行管理方便、設備投資省、占地面積少,缺點是運行費用較高、產生的泥渣量大且污泥處置困難,同時對廢水中溶解性有機污染物去除率不高。

2)氧化法

常見方法有臭氧氧化法、濕式氧化法、藥劑氧化法(芬頓法、次氯、二氧化氯等)。主要針對有毒有害類,可生化性差,微生物難降解,對生物有很強抑制性,且常規處理手段不能削減的污染物。臭氧氧化效果較好,但電耗較高,大規模應用有較大困難;光氧化法的脫色效果較好,但設備投資和運行電耗有待進一步降低。

化學氧化是通過氧化劑氧化破壞有機物的結構,理論上,在足量的氧化劑的條件下,輔以特定反應條件,可以把水中有機物全部氧化為無機物,達到消除污染的目的。在實踐中化學氧化法對水中的溶解性有機物可有較高的處理效果,但氧化能耗、藥耗較高,在水處理領越,通常僅用為前端預處理手段。

氧化法一般用于廢水改性,對于含有高有機物的廢水,通過氧化,能改變廢水的可生化性,但并不以去除有機物為目的。

3)生物法

屠宰廢水中含有大量的有機物,處理手段多以處理效率高,運行成本低,穩定可靠的生物法為宜。

目前,國內對屠宰廢水的處理一直以生物處理法為主(約占90%左右),尤以厭氧-好氧生物法占絕大多數,工藝主要為UASBSBR、加速曝氣和生物接觸氧化法,鼓風曝氣、射流曝氣活性污泥法和生物轉盤法等也有應用,生物流化床尚處于試驗階段。好氧生物處理對BOD的去除效率較高,對COD、色度的去除率較低,單純好氧處理后出水達標的難度較大。低能耗、高去除率的厭氧處理技術越來越被人們重視,厭氧與好氧相結合處理化工廢水是近十年工業污水處理發展的大趨勢,旨于實現低能耗、低投資、***率的廢水處理技術,目前主要為“水解酸化+好氧處理”工藝(A/O法)、兼具水解兼氧作用和好氧處理的SBR工藝、CAST工藝等等。在厭氧階段,廢水中可生化性差的高分子物質通過水解、酸化作用轉化為小分子,從而改善廢水的可生化性,降低廢水色度,為好氧處理創造條件,好氧段產生的剩余污泥全部回流到厭氧段,厭氧段有較長的固體停留時間(SRT),有利于污泥的厭氧消化,整個系統的剩余污泥量顯著減少,為了達到***較嚴格的出水要求,生物處理后的后處理強化手段是常用的、***的措施。

根據原水的性質,結合同行業廢水處理方法,現提出廢水治理的主要工藝方向:

廢水有機物含量高,單純的物化手段進行處理,噸廢水處理成本很高,同時處理出水達標的可能性是很小的。采用生物處理是合理的方式。

原廢水中懸浮物多,產品大多是不溶性動物油脂物質,強化物化預處理是必要的,可以將廢水中的不溶性的有機物質去除,降低廢水COD,減輕后續處理單元的負荷。

廢水中成分復雜,直接采用好氧等生物處理,效果不理想,在預處理中,能有措施對廢水中污染物質分子結構進行改型,提高廢水的可生物降解性是必要的。

廢水的COD值很高,采用單一的好氧處理,對氧的供應需求很大,應采用厭氧反應進行主體控制,如廢水中COD負荷,在厭氧段得到去除,后續好氧處理的池容積以及能耗會有大幅降低,對企業長期的運行管理有利。

綜合以上分析,本方案提出屠宰廢水處理的工藝流程如下: 廢水調節池(預厭氧)混凝浮選器好氧池沉淀池出水排放。

第四章 污水處理站工藝設計

1工藝流程設計

本工藝流程為:

養殖、屠宰廢水、生活污水—隔油初沉池—格柵池—氣浮機—調節預曝池—SBR池—標準化排放

2工藝單元設計

本項目主要工藝流程有四個部分組成。

1)格柵池

來自廠區的生產、生活廢水自流進入格柵池,初步去除大顆粒的皮、毛、肉屑、大塊油脂和無機雜物。

2)隔油初沉池

在廢水流經的途中將下水廊道進行改造利用,改造成具有隔油、沉淀的效果的下水溝。

3)調節池(預厭氧、原化糞池)

調節池利用原化糞池,在調節水質與水量的情況下,將廢水在原化糞池中進行預厭氧的發酵,在這過程中厭氧微生物會將一部分的大分子污染物降解成小分子的污染物,增加后續好氧生物反應的效果。

4氣浮裝置

廢水進入氣浮機,進一步去除廢水中的顆粒物和漂浮性油脂,為后續工藝提供保障。

5)接觸氧化池

內設彈性填料,在羅茨風機曝氣作用下,使微生物附著在填料上生長,形成生物膜,去處有機污染物的同時截留下一部分污泥。

6)斜管沉淀池

采用鋼砼結構,沉淀池分為二部分,一部分是機械攪拌絮凝池,另一部分是斜管沉斜管淀池. 斜管沉淀池的表面負荷為q=2/m3.h. 斜管采用蜂窩狀填料,傾角θ=60o 內切園ф=50cm, H=1m

7)污泥濃縮池

采用鋼混結構反應池,使污泥濃縮,方便污泥外運。

8)藥劑投配系統

設置目的:進行藥劑溶解、計量投加;

工藝說明:共設置藥劑投配系統二套。

第五章 主要工藝參數設計

1各主要處理單元工藝參數設計

1)格柵池一座(撈毛機)

設計參數:HRT 0.5h,有效容積:10m3;

幾何尺寸:4000×2000×1200mm

結構形式:地下磚混結構,池底標高-1.000m

設備配置: 撈毛機一套。

2、調節池

利用原有化糞池,內設潛水攪拌機4臺。

3、氣浮裝置一套

主要功能:對廢水進行浮選分離;

設計參數:25m3/.h

表面負荷:25 m3/.h,溶氣水壓0.3-0.4Mpa,N:7.5KW

幾何尺寸:Φ3400×4000mm

結構形式:鋼制;

設備配置:淺層氣浮機一套;管道混合反應器一臺;溶氣泵一臺,空壓機一臺,自動加藥系統一套,刮渣機一套,電磁閥,液位控制計,溶氣系統一套。

4、接觸氧化池

設計參數:好氧生化時間12h,有效容積:240m3;

幾何尺寸:10000×7000×4000mm

結構形式:地上鋼砼結構,池底標高±0.000m

設備配置:彈性填料一批,曝氣系統一套。

5、沉淀池

設計參數:表面負荷為q=2/m3.h,有效容積:100m3;

幾何尺寸:5500×5000×4500mm

結構形式:半地上鋼砼結構;

設備配置:斜管填料一批。

6、污泥池

設計參數:污泥泥齡10d

幾何尺寸:5000×4000mm

結構形式:磚混,池底標高-2.000m

設備配置:立式排污泵二臺。

7、風機二臺

型號3L21WD

P49KpaQ6.8m3/minN7.5KWn2950r/min

第六章、投資預算

1土建項目預算屠宰廢水

2、設備及安裝預算

屠宰廢水屠宰廢水屠宰廢水

3其他費用

屠宰廢水

工程總報價=B+C=57.26+7.42=64.68萬元

大寫:陸拾肆萬陸仟捌佰圓整

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