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延長(zhǎng)機(jī)械密封使用壽命的10項(xiàng)神技能(二)

2025-04-30  來(lái)自: 衡美水處理公眾平臺(tái) 瀏覽次數(shù):71

如何進(jìn)行水處理

衡美水處理為您介紹一項(xiàng)水處理專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)——延長(zhǎng)機(jī)械密封使用壽命10項(xiàng)神技能。

三、解決措施

根據(jù)上述分析,延長(zhǎng)機(jī)械密封使用壽命應(yīng)采取以下措施和檢修方法

1彈簧壓縮量調(diào)整

調(diào)整彈簧的壓縮量就是調(diào)整機(jī)械密封的端面比壓,關(guān)系到密封性能及使用壽命的重要參數(shù),與密封的結(jié)構(gòu)型式、彈簧大小和介質(zhì)壓力有關(guān)。端面比壓過(guò)大將損壞摩擦副;


機(jī)械密封


比壓過(guò)小則易泄漏,往往由廠家給定一個(gè)適合的范圍,一般按36kg/cm2取值。彈簧的自由長(zhǎng)度A,彈簧剛度K(產(chǎn)生單位壓縮量時(shí)承受的載荷),規(guī)定要求的比壓P,這些都是廠家給定的參數(shù)。壓縮后尺寸為B,則P/A-B=k,得出B=A-P/k,這就是彈簧安裝壓縮后的尺寸。如果彈簧安裝后的尺寸過(guò)大,可在彈簧座與彈簧之間增加調(diào)整墊的厚度,尺寸過(guò)小則減少調(diào)整的厚度,調(diào)整墊的厚度用千分尺量取。

2動(dòng)環(huán)密封圈松緊

動(dòng)環(huán)密封圈過(guò)緊有害無(wú)益,一是加劇密封圈與軸套間的磨損,過(guò)早泄漏;

二是大了動(dòng)環(huán)軸向調(diào)整、移動(dòng)的阻力,在工作狀況變化頻繁時(shí)無(wú)法適時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)整;

三是彈簧過(guò)度疲勞易損壞;

四是使動(dòng)環(huán)密封圈變形,影響密封效果。

為保證動(dòng)環(huán)的浮動(dòng)性,其內(nèi)徑比軸徑大0.51mm,用以補(bǔ)償軸的振動(dòng)與偏斜,但間隙不能太大,否則會(huì)使動(dòng)環(huán)密封圈卡入而造成機(jī)械密封機(jī)械性能的破壞。密封圈的松緊程度以涂上潤(rùn)滑劑后能以一只手用力壓入為準(zhǔn)。

3靜環(huán)密封圈松緊

靜環(huán)密封圈基本處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),相對(duì)較緊密封效果會(huì)好些,但過(guò)緊將導(dǎo)致:一是引起靜環(huán)密封因過(guò)度變形,影響密封效果;二是靜環(huán)材質(zhì)以石墨居多,一般較脆,過(guò)度受力易引起碎裂;三是安裝、拆卸困難,易損壞靜環(huán)。因此,靜環(huán)的內(nèi)徑一般比軸徑大12mm ,密封圈的松緊程度以涂上潤(rùn)滑劑后能以雙手用力壓入為準(zhǔn)。手能較輕壓入則太松,雙手用力壓不進(jìn)則太緊。

4密封新舊拆換

相對(duì)而言,使用新機(jī)械密封的效果好于舊的,但新機(jī)械密封的質(zhì)量或材質(zhì)選擇不當(dāng)時(shí),配合尺寸誤差較大會(huì)影響密封效果。在聚合性和深透性介質(zhì)中,靜環(huán)如無(wú)過(guò)度磨損(當(dāng)密封面出現(xiàn)裂紋、掉角、劃痕、麻點(diǎn)、飛邊及偏磨,劃痕、麻點(diǎn)貫穿整個(gè)密封端面時(shí)稱(chēng)為過(guò)度磨損),還是不更換為好。因?yàn)殪o環(huán)在靜環(huán)座中長(zhǎng)時(shí)間處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),使聚合物和雜質(zhì)沉積為一體,起到了較好的密封作用

5拆修

機(jī)械密封一旦出現(xiàn)泄漏,先不急于拆修,有時(shí)密封可能沒(méi)有損壞,只需調(diào)整工作狀況或適當(dāng)調(diào)整密封就可消除泄漏。如調(diào)整彈簧的壓縮量、消除運(yùn)行設(shè)備的振動(dòng)、清除使彈簧失彈的水垢及動(dòng)、靜環(huán)摩擦副上的水垢等。這樣既避免浪費(fèi)又解決了實(shí)際問(wèn)題同時(shí)還可以驗(yàn)證自己的故障判斷能力,積累維修經(jīng)驗(yàn)提高檢修質(zhì)量。

6機(jī)械密封是科學(xué)部件,制造及安裝精度都要求很?chē)?yán)格,如果裝配不當(dāng)會(huì)影響密封性能,縮短使用壽命,因此須注意以下要求:

1安裝機(jī)械密封部位的軸(或軸套)徑向跳動(dòng)公差按表1。表面粗糙度Ra值應(yīng)不大于3.2um,外徑尺寸公差h6。安裝機(jī)械密封的泵或其它類(lèi)似的旋轉(zhuǎn)式機(jī)械在工作時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)子的軸向竄動(dòng)量不超過(guò)0.3mm。密封腔體與密封端蓋結(jié)合的定位端面對(duì)軸(或軸套)表面的跳動(dòng)公差按表1


機(jī)械密封

1 軸(或軸套)徑向跳動(dòng)公差

2安裝旋轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)輔助密封圈的軸(或軸套)端部應(yīng)按圖2 倒角使其圓滑過(guò)渡。

機(jī)械密封

2 安裝密封圈轉(zhuǎn)軸的端部倒角圖

3安裝機(jī)械密封靜環(huán)的密封端蓋(或殼體)的孔的端部按圖3和表2的規(guī)定。密封端蓋(或殼體)與輔助密封圈接觸部位的表面粗糙度按圖3


機(jī)械密封

3 密封端蓋(或殼體)安裝要求


機(jī)械密封

2 密封端蓋(或殼體)的孔的端部安裝要求

4密封零件、軸表面、密封腔體須清洗干凈,并保證密封端面沖洗液管路暢通。

5安裝前,應(yīng)確認(rèn)產(chǎn)品型號(hào)及規(guī)格與設(shè)備要求一致。當(dāng)輸送介質(zhì)溫度偏高、過(guò)低,或有雜質(zhì)顆粒、易燃、易爆、有毒時(shí),須采取相應(yīng)的阻封、沖洗、冷卻、過(guò)濾等措施。

6在安裝密封的軸,腔體及壓蓋等與輔助密封圈接觸處均勻涂油(注:對(duì)乙丙橡膠、或介質(zhì)不允許注入潤(rùn)滑油的情況下,可涂抹植物油或肥皂水)。

7在安裝密封圈時(shí),不允許涂抹潤(rùn)滑脂的密封圈禁止涂抹,否則會(huì)使密封圈溶脹變大,使機(jī)械密封泄漏。

8安裝時(shí)應(yīng)核對(duì)密封安裝尺寸,一般單彈簧密封軸向安裝尺寸允差上限1.0mm,多彈簧為±0.5mm

9機(jī)械密封套上軸,按設(shè)計(jì)的工作高度安裝到位。


機(jī)械密封


10通孔采用對(duì)角線(xiàn)交叉擰緊方式,用螺栓將整個(gè)密封與密封腔體(泵蓋)聯(lián)接螺栓擰緊。

11密封配有輔助系統(tǒng)時(shí),按標(biāo)示正確連接管路。

12安裝后用手盤(pán)動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)環(huán),保證靈活轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),并有浮動(dòng)性。然后進(jìn)行靜壓試驗(yàn)和動(dòng)壓試驗(yàn)后,方可投入使用。


機(jī)械密封


7集裝式機(jī)械密封的安裝

對(duì)于集裝式機(jī)械密封,機(jī)械密封出廠時(shí)已將機(jī)械密封壓縮量調(diào)整完畢,并且進(jìn)行了機(jī)械運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)試驗(yàn),所以在我們現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝時(shí)不允許解體機(jī)封或者再次重新調(diào)整機(jī)封壓縮量。

8波紋管機(jī)械密封的安裝

對(duì)于波紋管機(jī)械密封在安裝前使用煤油對(duì)波紋管進(jìn)行檢漏,確認(rèn)波紋管完好無(wú)泄漏的情況下,方可進(jìn)行安裝。同時(shí)由于波紋管機(jī)械密封的波紋管容易破損,在安裝的過(guò)程中要小心謹(jǐn)慎。

9嚴(yán)格工藝操作和工藝指標(biāo)控制

在流量調(diào)節(jié)和開(kāi)停泵時(shí),避免發(fā)生喘振、泵抽空以及沖洗流體斷流等現(xiàn)象。過(guò)濾密封介質(zhì)中的雜質(zhì),合理采用自身平衡沖洗方式或外部強(qiáng)制循環(huán)沖洗方式,改善沖洗冷卻條件,同時(shí)加大沖洗系統(tǒng)的限流孔板孔徑,增加沖洗液量,保證沖洗液的供給平穩(wěn)和充足,使機(jī)械密封的潤(rùn)滑和散熱狀況得到改善,防止機(jī)械密封因過(guò)熱出現(xiàn)燒毀、破裂、裂紋、析出結(jié)晶等現(xiàn)象,延長(zhǎng)機(jī)械密封的使用壽命。

10機(jī)械密封的選型

機(jī)械密封在選型時(shí),要給機(jī)械密封制造廠家提供設(shè)備運(yùn)行的詳細(xì)工藝參數(shù)及技術(shù)要求,避免由于所選機(jī)械密封不適合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工況而降低其使用壽命。


機(jī)械密封

四、結(jié)論

綜上所述,只要嚴(yán)格按照機(jī)械密封的技術(shù)要求進(jìn)行安裝、維護(hù)和使用不僅能達(dá)到良好的密封效果,而且還大大延長(zhǎng)機(jī)械密封的使用壽命。

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