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閥門安裝的50個要點及禁忌 (二)

2024-06-17  來自: 衡美水處理公眾平臺 瀏覽次數(shù):166

如何進行水處理

衡美水處理為您介紹一項污水處理專業(yè)知識——閥門安裝50要點及禁忌。

施工過程中閥門安裝的質(zhì)量直接影響到日后的正常運行,所以注意安裝效果。那么,應(yīng)該如何安裝閥門?閥門安裝的要點有哪些?禁忌及注意事項又有哪些?


閥門安裝


二、閥門安裝十四個禁

1

禁忌:施工使用的主要材料、設(shè)備及制品,缺少符合現(xiàn)行標準的技術(shù)質(zhì)量鑒定文件或產(chǎn)品合格證。

后果:工程質(zhì)量不合格,存在事故隱患,不能按期交付使用,返工修理;造成工期拖延,人工和物資投入增加。

措施:給排水及暖衛(wèi)工程所使用的主要材料、設(shè)備及制品,應(yīng)有符合現(xiàn)行標準的技術(shù)質(zhì)量鑒定文件或產(chǎn)品合格證;應(yīng)標明其產(chǎn)品名稱、型號、規(guī)格、質(zhì)量標準代號、出廠日期、生產(chǎn)廠家名稱及地點、出廠產(chǎn)品檢驗證明或代號。

2

禁忌:閥門安裝前不按規(guī)定進行必要的質(zhì)量檢驗。

后果:系統(tǒng)運行中閥門開關(guān)不靈活,關(guān)閉不嚴及出現(xiàn)漏水的現(xiàn)象,造成返工修理,甚至影響正常供水

措施:閥門安裝前,應(yīng)做耐壓強度和嚴密性試驗。試驗應(yīng)以每批同牌號、同規(guī)格、同型號數(shù)量中抽查10%,且不少于一個。對于安裝在主干管上起切斷作用的閉路閥門,應(yīng)逐個作強度和嚴密性試驗。閥門強度和嚴密性試驗壓力應(yīng)符合《建筑給排水及采暖工程施工質(zhì)量驗收規(guī)范》GB 50242-2002規(guī)定。

3

禁忌:安裝閥門的規(guī)格、型號不符合設(shè)計要求。例如閥門的公稱壓力小于系統(tǒng)試驗壓力;給水支管當管徑小于或等于50mm時采用閘閥;熱水采暖的干、立管采用截止閥;消防水泵吸水管采用蝶閥。

后果:影響閥門正常開閉及調(diào)節(jié)阻力、壓力等功能。甚至造成系統(tǒng)運行中,閥門損壞被迫修理。

措施:熟悉各類閥門的應(yīng)用范圍,按設(shè)計的要求選擇閥門的規(guī)格和型號。閥門的公稱壓力要滿足系統(tǒng)試驗壓力的要求。按施工規(guī)范要求:給水支管管徑小于或等于50mm應(yīng)采用截止閥;當管徑大于50mm應(yīng)采用閘閥。

熱水采暖干、立控制閥應(yīng)采用閘閥,消防水泵吸水管不應(yīng)采用蝶閥。

4

禁忌:閥門安裝方法錯誤。例如截止閥或止回閥水流向與標志相反,閥桿朝下安裝,水平安裝的止回閥采取垂直安裝,明桿閘閥或蝶閥手柄沒有開、閉空間,暗裝閥門的閥桿不朝向檢查門。

后果:閥門失靈,開關(guān)檢修困難,閥桿朝下往往造成漏水。

措施:嚴格按閥門安裝說明書進行安裝,明桿閘閥留足閥桿伸長開啟高度,蝶閥充分考慮手柄轉(zhuǎn)動空間,各種閥門桿不能低于水平位置,更不能向下。暗裝閥門不但要設(shè)置滿足閥門開閉需要的檢查門,同時閥桿應(yīng)朝向檢查門。


閥門安裝


5

禁忌:蝶閥法蘭盤用普通閥門法蘭盤。

后果:蝶閥法蘭盤與普通閥門法蘭盤尺寸大小不一,有的法蘭內(nèi)徑小,而蝶閥的閥瓣大,造成打不開或硬性打開而使閥門損壞。

措施:要按照蝶閥法蘭的實際尺寸加工法蘭盤。

6

禁忌:建筑結(jié)構(gòu)施工中沒有預(yù)留孔洞和預(yù)埋件,或預(yù)留孔洞尺寸偏小和預(yù)埋件沒做標記。

后果:暖衛(wèi)工程施工中,剔鑿建筑結(jié)構(gòu),甚至切斷受力鋼筋,影響建筑物安全性能。

措施:認真熟悉暖衛(wèi)工程施工圖紙,根據(jù)管道及支吊架安裝的需要,主動認真配合建筑結(jié)構(gòu)施工預(yù)留孔洞和預(yù)埋件,具體參照設(shè)計要求和施工規(guī)范規(guī)定。

7

禁忌:管道焊接時,對口后管子錯口不在一個中軸線上,對口不留間隙,厚壁管不鏟坡口,焊縫的寬度、高度不符合施工規(guī)范要求。

后果:管子錯口不在一中軸線直接影響焊接質(zhì)量及觀感質(zhì)量。對口不留間隙,厚壁管不鏟坡口,焊縫的寬度、高度不符合要求時焊接達不到強度的要求。

措施:焊接管道對口后,管子不能錯口,要在一個中軸線上,對口應(yīng)留間隙,厚壁管要鏟坡口,另外焊縫的寬度、高度應(yīng)按照規(guī)范要求焊接。

8

禁忌:管道直接埋設(shè)在凍土和沒有處理的松土上,管道支墩間距和位置不當,甚至采用干碼磚形式。

后果:管道由于支承不穩(wěn)固,在回填土夯實過程中遭受損壞,造成返工修理。

措施:管道不得埋設(shè)在凍土和沒有處理的松土上,支墩間距要符合施工規(guī)范要求,支墊要牢靠,特別是管道接口處,不應(yīng)承受剪切力。磚支墩要用水泥沙漿砌筑,保證完整、牢固。

9

禁忌:固定管道支架的膨脹螺栓材質(zhì)低劣,安裝膨脹螺栓的孔徑過大或者膨脹螺栓安裝在磚墻甚至輕質(zhì)墻體上。

后果:管道支架松動,管道發(fā)生變形,甚至脫落。

措施:膨脹螺栓選擇合格的產(chǎn)品,必要時應(yīng)抽樣進行試驗檢查,安裝膨脹螺栓的孔徑不應(yīng)大于膨脹螺栓外徑2mm,膨脹螺栓應(yīng)用于混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)上。


閥門安裝


10

禁忌:管道連接的法蘭盤及襯墊強度不夠,連接螺栓短或直徑細。熱力管道使用橡膠墊,冷水管道使用石棉墊,以及采用雙層墊或斜面墊,法蘭襯墊突人管內(nèi)。

后果:法蘭盤連接處不嚴密,甚至損壞,出現(xiàn)滲漏現(xiàn)象。法蘭襯墊突入管內(nèi),會增加水流阻力。

措施:管道用法蘭盤及襯墊滿足管道設(shè)計工作壓力的要求。采暖和熱水供應(yīng)管道的法蘭襯墊,宜采用橡膠石棉墊;給排水管道的法蘭襯墊,宜采用橡膠墊。

法蘭的襯墊不得突入管內(nèi),其外圓到法蘭螺栓孔為宜。法蘭中間不得放置斜面墊或幾個襯墊,連接法蘭的螺栓直徑比法蘭盤孔徑宜小于2mm,螺栓桿突出螺母長度宜為螺母厚度的12

11

禁忌:管道系統(tǒng)水壓強度試驗和嚴密性試驗時,僅觀察壓力值和水位變化,對滲漏檢查不夠。

后果:管道系統(tǒng)運行后發(fā)生滲漏現(xiàn)象,影響正常使用。

措施:管道系統(tǒng)依據(jù)設(shè)計要求和施工規(guī)范規(guī)定進行試驗時,除在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)記錄壓力值或水位變化,特別要仔細檢查是否存在滲漏問題。

12

禁忌:污水、雨水、冷凝水管不做閉水試驗便做隱蔽。

后果:可能造成漏水,并造成用戶損失。

措施:閉水試驗工作應(yīng)嚴格按規(guī)范檢查驗收。地下埋設(shè)、吊頂內(nèi)、管子間等暗裝污水、雨水、冷凝水管等要達到確保不滲不漏。

13

禁忌:管道系統(tǒng)竣工前沖洗不認真,流量和速度達不到管道沖洗要求。甚至以水壓強度試驗泄水代替沖洗。

后果:水質(zhì)達不到管道系統(tǒng)運行要求,往往還會造成管道截面減少或堵塞。

措施:用系統(tǒng)內(nèi)設(shè)汁流量或不應(yīng)小于3ms的水流速度進行沖洗。應(yīng)以排出口水色、透明度與入口水的水色、透明度目測一致為合格。

14

禁忌:冬期施工在負溫度下進行水壓試驗。

后果:由于水壓試驗時管內(nèi)很快結(jié)冰,使管凍壞。

措施:盡量在冬施前進行水壓試驗,并且試壓后要將水吹凈,特別是閥門內(nèi)的水清除于凈,否則閥門將會凍裂。工程冬季進行水壓試驗時,要保持室內(nèi)正溫度下進行,試壓后要將水吹凈。在不能進行水壓試驗時,可用壓縮空氣進行試驗。


閥門安裝


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