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活性炭過(guò)濾器詳解

2022-09-14  來(lái)自: 環(huán)保水圈 瀏覽次數(shù):434

一、工作原理

活性炭過(guò)濾器是利用顆粒活性炭進(jìn)一步去除機(jī)械過(guò)濾器出水中的殘存的余氯、有機(jī)物、懸浮物的雜質(zhì),為后續(xù)的反滲透處理提供良好條件。


活性炭


1活性炭的過(guò)濾原理

活性炭的吸附能力與水溫的高低、水質(zhì)的好壞等存在關(guān)系。水溫越高,活性炭的吸附能力就越強(qiáng);若水溫高達(dá)30℃以上時(shí),吸附能力達(dá)到上限,并有逐漸降低的可能。當(dāng)水質(zhì)呈酸性時(shí),活性炭對(duì)陰離子物質(zhì)的吸附能力便相對(duì)減弱;當(dāng)水質(zhì)呈堿性時(shí),活性炭對(duì)陽(yáng)離子物質(zhì)的吸附能力減弱。所以,水質(zhì)的PH不穩(wěn)定,也會(huì)影響到活性炭的吸附能力。

2活性炭的吸附原理

在其顆粒表面形成一層平衡的表面濃度,再把有機(jī)物質(zhì)雜質(zhì)吸附到活性炭顆粒內(nèi),使用初期的吸附效果很高。但時(shí)間一長(zhǎng),活性炭的吸附能力會(huì)不同程度地減弱,吸附效果也隨之下降。如果水族箱中水質(zhì)混濁,水中有機(jī)物含量高,活性炭很快就會(huì)喪失過(guò)濾功能。所以,活性炭應(yīng)定期清洗更換

活性炭過(guò)濾器主要利用含碳量高、分子量大、比表面積大的活性炭有機(jī)絮凝體對(duì)水中雜質(zhì)進(jìn)行物理吸附,達(dá)到水質(zhì)要求,當(dāng)水流通過(guò)活性炭的孔隙時(shí),各種懸浮顆粒、有機(jī)物等在范德華力的作用下被吸附在活性炭孔隙中;同時(shí),吸附于活性炭表面的氯(次氯酸)在炭表面發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng),被還原成氯離子,從而有效地去除了氯,確保出水余氯量小于0.1ppm,滿足RO膜的運(yùn)行條件。隨時(shí)間推移活性炭的孔隙內(nèi)和顆粒之間的截留物逐漸增加,使濾器的前后壓差隨之升高,直至失效。在通常情況下,根據(jù)過(guò)濾器的前后壓差,利用逆向水流反洗濾料,使大部分吸附于活性炭孔隙中的截留物剝離并被水流帶走,恢復(fù)吸附功能;當(dāng)活性炭達(dá)到飽和吸附容量失效時(shí),應(yīng)對(duì)活性炭再生或更換活性炭,以滿足工程要求。

當(dāng)活性碳過(guò)濾器因截留過(guò)量的機(jī)械雜質(zhì)而影響其正常工作,則可用反沖洗方法來(lái)進(jìn)行清洗。利用逆向進(jìn)水,使過(guò)濾器內(nèi)砂濾層松動(dòng),

可使粘附于濾料表面的截留物剝離并被反沖水流帶走,有利于排除濾層中的沉渣、懸浮物等,并防止濾料板結(jié),使其充分恢復(fù)截污、除氯能力,從而達(dá)到清洗的目的。反洗以進(jìn)出口壓差參數(shù)設(shè)置來(lái)控制反沖洗周期,一般為三至四天,具體須視原水濁度而定。

活性碳過(guò)濾器采用不銹鋼操作閥組,過(guò)濾器的啟運(yùn)、正洗、反洗、停機(jī)等工序均有手動(dòng)控制操作。

當(dāng)活性碳過(guò)濾器運(yùn)行至進(jìn)出口壓差為0.050.07MPa時(shí),進(jìn)行反洗。活性碳更換期為半年至一年。

二、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)

設(shè)備本體是帶上下橢圓封頭的圓柱形鋼結(jié)構(gòu),過(guò)濾器材質(zhì)為Q235A304不銹鋼,內(nèi)襯硫化橡膠防腐,內(nèi)部在進(jìn)水口設(shè)有布水器,下部設(shè)有集水裝置,集水裝置上填裝1200mm的活性碳和200mm的石英砂。成套設(shè)備的本體外部裝置有各種控制閥門(mén)流量計(jì)、壓力表。

活性炭過(guò)濾器所填活性炭為果殼炭,具有比重輕、孔隙率大、耐磨性強(qiáng)、吸附容量大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。填高如下:

活性炭 0.6-1.2mm 1100mm

石英砂 0.6-1.2mm 100mm

石英砂 1.2-2.0mm 100mm

三、技術(shù)參數(shù)

工作壓力: 0.6Mpa

水壓試驗(yàn): 0.75Mpa

進(jìn)水濁度: 2mg/L

工作溫度: 5-40

運(yùn)行流速: 810m/h

反洗強(qiáng)度: 12~16L/·s

填料高度: 1400mm

四、運(yùn)行操作說(shuō)明

1開(kāi)機(jī)準(zhǔn)備

A檢查過(guò)濾器本體及附屬的各種閥門(mén)、管路、儀表和各種設(shè)備附件是否完好;

B檢查絮凝劑加藥計(jì)量箱中藥液是否充足;計(jì)量泵是否完好;

C檢查原水泵、電氣設(shè)備、各種現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表及各種附屬設(shè)施是否完好;

D確認(rèn)各種排放、正洗、反洗等閥門(mén)已關(guān)閉;

E過(guò)濾器排氣閥門(mén)見(jiàn)水后關(guān)閉。

2開(kāi)機(jī)運(yùn)行

運(yùn)行工作流程

排氣—→沖洗—→反洗()—→正洗—→制水—→反洗()—→排水

└—————————←—————————┘

注:長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停運(yùn)后開(kāi)車(chē),應(yīng)從反沖洗(一)工序開(kāi)始。

A運(yùn)行周期

打開(kāi)過(guò)濾器進(jìn)水閥、排氣閥,待水充滿設(shè)備時(shí)關(guān)閉排 氣閥,打開(kāi)出水閥。當(dāng)運(yùn)行至進(jìn)出口壓差≥0.050.07Mpa 時(shí),運(yùn)行周期結(jié)束,設(shè)備需反洗。

B反沖洗時(shí)間

反沖洗的目的在于使濾層活性炭松動(dòng),并將濾層截留物和破碎活性炭沖走,從而起到清潔過(guò)濾層的作用。反洗時(shí)打開(kāi)反洗排放閥,緩慢開(kāi)啟反洗進(jìn)水閥,反沖時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短和活性炭濾層的截污量及反沖流速有關(guān)。一般應(yīng)以反沖洗排水濁度而定,至排水濁度<3mg/l,且不少于20分鐘,反洗強(qiáng)度可以活性碳為未沖出為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

C正洗時(shí)間

打開(kāi)進(jìn)水閥、正洗排放閥,時(shí)間按正洗至排水污染指數(shù)4、余氯≤0.1ppm所需時(shí)間設(shè)定,且不少于30分鐘。

五、維護(hù)保養(yǎng)

1安裝準(zhǔn)備階段檢查

設(shè)備及附件在本公司已進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的質(zhì)量檢查,經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)合格后發(fā)貨。因此對(duì)組裝成形的設(shè)備及附件不作不必要的拆卸和打開(kāi)。但應(yīng)認(rèn)真對(duì)照發(fā)貨清單。清點(diǎn)、檢查貨物,以便安裝工序順利進(jìn)行。設(shè)備等在運(yùn)輸或開(kāi)箱時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)已有涂漆、防銹層損壞,應(yīng)進(jìn)行必要的修補(bǔ)。安裝時(shí),在設(shè)備本體表面不允許進(jìn)行電焊、氣割作業(yè),以保證內(nèi)部橡膠襯層不被燒壞。

2試車(chē)準(zhǔn)備階段檢查

設(shè)備在安裝、配管、儀表工程全部完工,并在對(duì)設(shè)備本體及配管的清洗工作結(jié)束后,應(yīng)按照下列檢查項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行檢查、維護(hù)

3試車(chē)運(yùn)行調(diào)試階段檢查

上述準(zhǔn)備階段的檢查結(jié)束后,除要求進(jìn)行試車(chē)外,還要對(duì)各項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行檢查。

4日常運(yùn)行檢查

經(jīng)過(guò)試車(chē)、調(diào)試進(jìn)入正常生產(chǎn)后,操作人員每天要定期巡回檢查設(shè)備現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。把巡回檢查的結(jié)果如實(shí)記錄下來(lái),與運(yùn)行記錄一起給予總結(jié),作為定期維修的資料。

5定期檢查

正常生產(chǎn)一年以后,設(shè)備要進(jìn)行定期檢查,定期檢查是為了保證一年之內(nèi)無(wú)事故地運(yùn)行。

為了縮短定期檢查的停車(chē)時(shí)間,在檢查人員和檢修工人人數(shù)許可的情況下,盡量與水站其它設(shè)備裝置的檢查同時(shí)進(jìn)行。檢查時(shí)如發(fā)現(xiàn)有異常,要及時(shí)處理,并給予解決。

衡水市衡美水處理設(shè)備有限公司,專營(yíng) 淺層砂過(guò)濾器 過(guò)濾器 全自動(dòng)加藥裝置 原水處理設(shè)備 等業(yè)務(wù),有意向的客戶請(qǐng)咨詢我們,聯(lián)系電話:0318-2987119

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