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反滲透設備及反滲透膜元件(四)

2021-05-19  來自: 環(huán)保水圈 瀏覽次數(shù):939

十二、延長膜的壽命

1清洗不及時與清洗方法不正確導致的膜性能的損壞

設備使用過程中,除了性能的正常衰減外,由于污染而引起設備性能的衰減更為嚴重。通常的污染主要有化學垢,有機物及膠體污染,微生物污染等。不同的污染表現(xiàn)出的癥狀是不同的。不同的膜公司所提出的膜污染的癥狀也是有差異。

反滲透

工程中我們發(fā)現(xiàn),污染時間的長短不一樣,其癥狀也不一樣。如:膜發(fā)生碳酸鈣垢污染,污染時間為一個星期時,主要表現(xiàn)為脫鹽率的迅速下降,壓差緩慢增大,而產(chǎn)水量變化不明顯,用檸檬酸清洗能完全恢復性能。污染時間為一年(純水機),鹽通量由開始2mg/L上升為37mg/L(原水為140mg/L160mg/L),產(chǎn)水量由230L/h下降為50L/h,用檸檬酸清洗后,鹽通量降為7mg/L,產(chǎn)水量上升至210L/h

再者污染往往不是單一的,其表現(xiàn)的癥狀也有所差別,使得污染的鑒別更困難。

鑒別污染類型綜合原水水質(zhì)設計參數(shù)污染指數(shù)運行記錄設備性能變化及微生物指標等加以判斷,以防止超濾RO膜性能的損壞

新的反滲透膜元件通常浸潤1%NaHSO318%的甘油水溶液后貯存在密封的塑料袋中。在塑料袋不破的情況下,貯存1年左右,也不會影響其壽命和性能。當塑料袋開口后,應盡快使用,以免因NaHSO3在空氣中氧化,對元件產(chǎn)生不良影響。因此膜應盡量在使用前開封。

設備試機完后,我們采用過兩種方法保護膜。設備試機運行兩天1524h,然后采用2%的甲醛溶液保養(yǎng);或運行26h后,用1%NaHSO3的水溶液進行保養(yǎng)應排盡設備管路中的空氣,保證設備不漏,關閉所有的進出口閥。兩種方法均可得到滿意的效果。***種方法成本高些,在閑置時間長時使用,第二種方法在閑置時間較短時使用。

2設備的操作不當引起膜性能的損壞

A設備中有殘余氣體在高壓下運行,形成氣錘會損壞膜

常有兩種情況發(fā)生:

a設備排空后,重新運行時,氣體沒有排盡就快速升壓運行。應在24bar的壓力下將余下的空氣排盡后,再逐步升壓運行。

b預處理設備與高壓泵之間的接頭密封不好或漏水時尤其是微濾器及其后的管路漏水當預處理供水不很足時,如微濾發(fā)生堵塞,在密封不好的地方由于真空會吸進部分空氣。應清洗或更換微濾器,保證管路不漏。總之,應在流量計中沒有氣泡的情況下逐步升壓運行,運行中發(fā)現(xiàn)氣泡應逐漸降壓檢查原因。

B關機時的方法不正確

a關機時快速降壓沒有進行沖洗。由于膜濃水側(cè)的無機鹽的濃度高于原水,易結(jié)垢而污染膜。

b用投加化學試劑的預處理水沖洗。因含化學試劑的水在設備停運期間可能引起膜污染。

在準備關機時,應停止投加化學試劑,逐步降壓至3bar左右用預處理好的水沖洗10min,直至濃縮水的TDS與原水的TDS很接近為止。

C消毒和保養(yǎng)不力導致微生物的污染

這是復合聚酰胺膜使用中普遍存在的問題,因為聚酰胺膜耐余氯性差,在使用中沒有正確投加氯等消毒劑,加上用戶對微生物的預防重視不夠,容易導致微生物的污染。許多廠家生產(chǎn)的純水微生物超標,就是消毒、保養(yǎng)不力造成的。

主要表現(xiàn)為:出廠時,反滲透設備沒有采用消毒液保養(yǎng);設備安裝好后沒有對整個管路和預處理設備消毒;間斷運行不采取消毒和保養(yǎng)措施;沒有定期對預處理設備和反滲透設備消毒;保養(yǎng)液失效或濃度不夠。

十三、反滲透膜的壽命

設備在使用過程中,除了性能的正常衰減外,由于污染而引起設備性能的衰減更為嚴重。通常的污染主要有化學垢,有機物及膠體污染,微生物污染等。不同的污染表現(xiàn)出的癥狀是不同的。不同的膜公司所提出的膜污染的癥狀也有差異。

在工程中我們發(fā)現(xiàn),污染時間的長短不一樣,其癥狀也不一樣。如:膜發(fā)生碳酸鈣垢污染,污染時間為一個星期時,主要表現(xiàn)為脫鹽率的迅速下降,壓差緩慢增大,而產(chǎn)水量變化不明顯,用檸檬酸清洗能完全恢復性能。污染時間為一年(某純水機),鹽通量由開始的2mg/L上升為37mg/L(原水為140mg/L160mg/L),產(chǎn)水量由230L/h下降為50L/h,用檸檬酸清洗后,鹽通量降為7mg/L,產(chǎn)水量上升至210L/h

再者污染往往不是單一的,其表現(xiàn)的癥狀也有差別,使得污染的鑒別更困難。

鑒別污染類型要綜合原水水質(zhì),設計參數(shù),污染指數(shù),運行記錄,設備性能變化及微生物指標等加以判斷:

1、膠體污染:發(fā)生膠體污染時,通常伴隨著以下兩個特性

A、前處理中微濾器堵塞得很快,尤其是壓差增大很快

BSDI值通常在2.5以上。

2微生物污染:發(fā)生微生物污染時,RO設備的透過水和濃縮水中的細菌總數(shù)都比較高,平時沒有按要求進行保養(yǎng)和消毒。

防止超濾RO膜性能的損壞新的反滲透膜元件通常浸潤1%NaHSO318%甘油水溶液后貯存在密封的塑料袋中。在塑料袋不破的情況下,貯存1年左右,也不會影響其壽命和性能。當塑料袋開口后,應盡快使用,以免因NaHSO3在空氣中氧化,對元件產(chǎn)生不良影響。因此膜應盡量在使用前開封。

設備試機完后,我們采用過兩種方法保護膜。設備試機運行兩天1524h,然后采用2%甲醛溶液保養(yǎng);或運行26h后,用1%NaHSO3的水溶液進行保養(yǎng)應排盡設備管路中的空氣,保證設備不漏,關閉所有的進出口閥)。兩種方法均可得到滿意的效果。***種方法成本高些,在閑置時間長時使用,第二種方法在閑置時間較短時使用。

3鈣垢:可依據(jù)原水水質(zhì)及設計參數(shù)進行判斷。對碳酸鹽型水而言,如果回收率75%時,設計時投加了阻垢劑,濃縮液的LSI應小于1不投加阻垢劑時濃縮液的LSI應小于零,一般不會產(chǎn)生鈣垢。

4可用1/4英寸PVC塑料管插入組件中測試組件不同部位的性能變化進行判斷。

5根據(jù)設備性能的變化判斷污染的類型。

6可用酸洗如檸檬酸、稀HCl,根據(jù)清洗的效果和清洗液判斷鈣垢,通過清洗液成分分析進一步證實。

7對清洗液進行化學分析:取原水、清洗原液、清洗液,三個樣分析。

在確定了污染的類型后,可按表1中的方法清洗,然后消毒使用。在不能確定污染的類型時,通常采用清洗+消毒+0.1%HClpH3的步驟清洗。

十四、應用范圍

滲透膜廣泛用于電力、石油化工、鋼鐵、電子、醫(yī)藥、食品飲料、市政及環(huán)保等領域,在海水及苦咸水淡化,鍋爐給水、工業(yè)純水及電子級超純水制備,飲用純凈水生產(chǎn),廢水處理及特種分離過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用

衡水市衡美水處理設備有限公司,專營 淺層砂過濾器 過濾器 全自動加藥裝置 原水處理設備 等業(yè)務,有意向的客戶請咨詢我們,聯(lián)系電話:0318-2987119

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