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低碳氮比農(nóng)村生活污水處理工藝(下)

2021-12-15  來自: 環(huán)保水圈 瀏覽次數(shù):758

二、結(jié)果與討論

1、 亞硝化污泥馴化培養(yǎng)

在亞硝化污泥培養(yǎng)反應(yīng)器中馴化45 d,分為亞硝化污泥的馴化(024 d)以及亞硝化污泥的富集培養(yǎng)(2445 d)兩個(gè)階段。在亞硝化污泥馴化階段,反應(yīng)器進(jìn)水NH4+-N濃度控制97.3 mg/L 左右。014 d,出水NH4+-N濃度均大于進(jìn)水NH4+-N濃度,先從初始的87.2 mg/L 增至154.7 mg/L,然后逐漸降低。這主要是由于反應(yīng)器進(jìn)水中沒有投加有機(jī)碳源,在限氧、缺乏營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的條件下污泥中的好氧異養(yǎng)菌死亡后被厭氧分解,產(chǎn)生NH4+-N,從而使出水中NH4+-N濃度大于進(jìn)水NH4+-N濃度。隨著馴化過程的進(jìn)行,出水NH4+-N濃度逐漸降低,第24 d 降至40.1 mg/L。在亞硝化污泥富集培養(yǎng)階段,NH4+-N濃度提高至157.3 mg/L,此時(shí)出水NH4+-N濃度從92.3 mg/L 降至72.5 mg/L ,NH4+-N的去除率提高至百分之五十,此時(shí)污泥顏色為黃褐色,表明了反應(yīng)器污泥當(dāng)中亞硝化污泥占據(jù)主要地位,經(jīng)過半個(gè)多月時(shí)間的運(yùn)行,反應(yīng)器亞硝化污泥活性再次達(dá)到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。


低碳氮比


2、 SNAD 生物膜的馴化培養(yǎng)

在已經(jīng)完成掛膜的ANAMMOX 反應(yīng)器內(nèi)投入已馴養(yǎng)好的亞硝化污泥,通過控制溶解氧(0.8 1.2 mg/L),實(shí)現(xiàn)在一個(gè)反應(yīng)器中同時(shí)進(jìn)行半硝化和厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)(CANON 反應(yīng))。CANON 工藝啟動(dòng)與運(yùn)行階段,反應(yīng)器進(jìn)水NH4+-N 濃度控制在150 mg/L 左右。012 d,反應(yīng)器出水NH4+-N濃度逐漸從48.4mg/L 升至76.5 mg/L。出水NO3--N 濃度卻有所降低,這主要是因?yàn)橥ㄟ^調(diào)控及優(yōu)化溶解氧,水力停留時(shí)間等條件后,亞硝化菌在生物膜耗氧區(qū)將部分NH4+-N氧化成NO2--N,使生物膜內(nèi)層進(jìn)行變?yōu)閰捬醐h(huán)境有利于厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,使有一部分硝化菌由于環(huán)境條件,種間斗爭被分解。并且在此期間內(nèi),亞硝化細(xì)菌與ANAMMOX 菌協(xié)同共生需要一段適應(yīng)期,因此氮的轉(zhuǎn)化形式并不吻合CANON反應(yīng);隨著實(shí)驗(yàn)的進(jìn)行,亞硝化在生物膜好氧區(qū)開始逐漸占據(jù)主要地位,亞硝化細(xì)菌消耗生物膜內(nèi)部的溶解氧將部分NH4+-N氧化NO2--N,為下一步ANAMMOX反應(yīng)提供厭氧條件,此時(shí)ANAMMOX 菌趨向于生物膜內(nèi)側(cè)生長并在在厭氧環(huán)境下將剩余的NH4+-N和亞硝化產(chǎn)生的亞硝態(tài)氮轉(zhuǎn)化成氮?dú)狻?/span>1224 d,出水NH4+-N濃度基本保持穩(wěn)定趨勢降低,從76.5 mg/L 降低至30.3 mg/LNH4+-N去除率從增至百分之七十三TN 的去除率達(dá)到了百分之七十左右,兩種菌群對底物的去除達(dá)到平衡,從而使得NH4+-NNO2--NNO3--N 都能得到有效去除,實(shí)現(xiàn)CANON自養(yǎng)脫氮。


低碳氮比


向已經(jīng)完成掛膜的CANON 的反應(yīng)器內(nèi)投入已馴養(yǎng)好的反硝化污泥,原水中加入COD,進(jìn)行SNAD生物膜的掛膜過程。12 d 以內(nèi),出水COD 濃度由87.1 mg/L 降至47.2 mg/L,出水NH4+-N濃度由50.7 mg/L 降低到36.9 mg/L,NO2--N 濃度與NO3--N 濃度在12 d 時(shí)都已降至3 mg/L,表明反硝化污泥效果良好。反應(yīng)器內(nèi)懸浮污泥濃度低于100 mg/L,表明SNAD 填料基本完成掛膜過程。

3、水解酸化-SNAD 工藝啟動(dòng)與運(yùn)行

1)水解酸化單元運(yùn)行效果

控制厭氧水解酸化HT 3.6 h,整個(gè)工藝運(yùn)行階段,反應(yīng)器進(jìn)出水COD 濃度、COD 去除率變化。進(jìn)水COD156.2 mg/L,,此時(shí)C/N 比為31。經(jīng)過水解酸化后,出水COD 濃度從140 mg/L 降至61 mg/L,去除率逐漸提高至百分之五十六。在開始的4 d 內(nèi),COD去除率較低。510 d 內(nèi)出水COD 濃度不斷降低,從137 mg/L 降至80 mg/L,接種水解酸化菌逐漸適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。1018 d,出水COD 濃度保持在70mg/L 左右,表明水解酸化單元去除COD 已經(jīng)達(dá)到穩(wěn)定階段。此時(shí)出水的C/N 比約為1.41Chen等人在SNAD 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中認(rèn)為的C/N 比為12,因此進(jìn)一步降低進(jìn)水COD 濃度至100mg/L,原水C/N 比保持為21。經(jīng)過20 多天的連續(xù)反應(yīng),出水COD 降至30 mg/L 左右,相較進(jìn)水150 mg/L 時(shí)去除率有明顯提高。此時(shí)出水C/N 比約為35。

VFAs 的組成的對于厭氧水解酸化反應(yīng)的效果直接相關(guān),尤其在隨后的脫氮碳源選擇和對ANAMMOX菌的生長代謝上有較大的影響。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,VFAs 產(chǎn)物主要是乙酸,丙酸,異丁酸,正丁酸。

乙酸是厭氧水解酸化反應(yīng)的主要產(chǎn)物,占據(jù)了總產(chǎn)物含量的百分之七十以上。當(dāng)投加碳源COD 150 mg/L 左右時(shí),前3 個(gè)樣品的VFAs/COD 分別為0.35、0.34 0.38,4 種酸所占比例則大致相似。當(dāng)投加碳源COD 100mg/L 左右時(shí),COD 去除率提高到百分之六十九,VFAs/COD分別為0.71、0.72 0.75,VFAs/COD 提高一倍左右,同時(shí)乙酸平均含量提高,而異丁酸的濃度則變?yōu)?/span>0。這主要是因?yàn)?/span>pH 值是影響水解酸化的重要因素之一,尤其對乙酸更為明顯,由于正常情況下產(chǎn)乙酸只消耗一個(gè)三磷酸腺苷,在低pH 條件下,一個(gè)三磷酸腺苷已經(jīng)不滿足產(chǎn)乙酸的能量,投加碳源COD 100 mg/L 時(shí)水解酸化反應(yīng)器內(nèi)pH值的提高(提高大約0.3 左右)加快了乙酸的產(chǎn)生。此外,異丁酸的消失可能是由于進(jìn)水COD 的降低導(dǎo)致低碳氮比從而影響對異丁酸菌活性的控制。水解酸化單元進(jìn)出水NH4+-N濃度基本保持在50mg/L 左右。

2SNAD 單元運(yùn)行效果

水解酸化出水進(jìn)入拔風(fēng)濺水生物濾池,整個(gè)工藝運(yùn)行階段,反應(yīng)器進(jìn)出水氮化合物及COD 濃度及去除率變化如圖7 所示。018 d 時(shí),反應(yīng)器NH4+-N濃度由34.9 mg/L 降低到23.5 mg/LNO2--NNO3--N平均濃度分別為5mg/L 16 mg/L;

COD 的去除率在百分之五十左右。此期間內(nèi)總氮去除率不足百分之十,主要因?yàn)榘物L(fēng)管通風(fēng)流速過慢且反應(yīng)器內(nèi)外溫差過小,使通風(fēng)效果不佳導(dǎo)致溶解氧濃度較低,造成NH+4-N 去除率下降而反應(yīng)開始至18 d,反應(yīng)器處于室溫條件下(12 ℃),此溫度下不利于亞硝化菌的生長代謝,因此產(chǎn)物大多為NO3--N,該溫度也控制了ANAMMOX 反應(yīng)并影響了反硝化速率;

此階段水解酸化出水的VFAs/COD 較低,同時(shí)出水未回流,導(dǎo)致反硝化脫氮效率較低;

此外生物濾池進(jìn)水C/N比約為1.21,也影響了SNAD 反應(yīng)的效果。因此,從19 d 起,通過加熱手段將反應(yīng)器內(nèi)溫度控制在34±1℃左右,同時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)通風(fēng)孔流速,提高反應(yīng)器內(nèi)部溶解氧,濾池出水回流至進(jìn)水端,提高濺水溶氧的效果并強(qiáng)化反硝化反應(yīng)。

出水NH4+-N、NO3--NCOD 濃度逐漸降低,第40 d 時(shí)分別為3、4 7mg/L,出水NO2--N 濃度為1 mg/L;

COD 與總氮去除率均有提高。此外第32 d 進(jìn)水C/N 比降至11,至第40 d 降至35反應(yīng)器C/N 小于1 時(shí),NO3--NNO2--N濃度分別從27.8、8 mg/L 降至91 mg/L,反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行良好,COD 去除率在C/N 35 時(shí)保持穩(wěn)定,該進(jìn)水C/N 比接近SNAD 工藝C/N 比(12)。此外VFAs/COD 的提高也會(huì)加快反硝化反應(yīng)速率并減小對ANAMMOX 反應(yīng)的影響,從而提高脫氮效率。由去除的COD 濃度(23 mg/L,第40 d)可知,由反硝化去除的總氮約為56 mg/L 左右(按照去除1 g NO3--N需要4 g COD 計(jì)),其余大部分總氮去除由ANAMMOX 反應(yīng)完成。

推測SNAD 生物膜的除碳脫氮機(jī)理為:亞硝化反應(yīng)在生物膜好氧區(qū)占主要地位,反硝化反應(yīng)與ANAMMOX 反應(yīng)在生物膜厭氧區(qū)占據(jù)主要地位。在生物膜好氧區(qū),限氧條件下亞硝化菌消耗一定的溶解氧將部分NH4+-N氧化成NO2--N,同時(shí)為生物膜內(nèi)層的厭氧氨氧化與反硝化創(chuàng)造良好的厭氧環(huán)境;

在生物膜厭氧區(qū),限氧環(huán)境下剩余的COD ANAMMOX 產(chǎn)物NO3--N 進(jìn)行反硝化反應(yīng),脫氮的同時(shí)降低COD,為ANAMMOX 菌提供的生長環(huán)境;

在生物膜厭氧區(qū)內(nèi)部,ANAMMOX 菌利用剩余的NH4+-N以及亞硝化產(chǎn)物NO2--N生成氮?dú)饧吧倭康?/span>NO3--N。

三、結(jié)語

通過本文試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的分析得出以下結(jié)論:

1、水解酸化單元在C/N 21 條件下,COD的去除率可達(dá)到百分之七十,出水C/N 比為3 5;

VFAs成分主要為乙酸,丙酸和正丁酸三種,VFAs/COD 0.74。

2SNAD 脫氮單元,通過亞硝化、反硝化與厭氧氨氧化的耦合作用,COD 與總氮的去除率分別提高。脫氮主要由ANAMMOX反應(yīng)完成。

3、厭氧水解-SNAD 組合工藝COD 與總氮總?cè)コ史謩e達(dá)到百分之九十二和百分之八十四

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