中文字幕理伦午夜福利片_成人黄色在线免费观看_欧美黑人巨大videos极品_国产精品无码久久久久久_少妇人妻真实偷人精品视频_av在线高清观看_欧美黑人狂躁日本寡妇_国产精品久久久久久久久久免费看_大伊香蕉精品视频在线天堂_国产成人av片在线观看_av中文字幕不卡_丰满少妇大力进入av_亚洲欧美国产免费综合视频_玩弄人妻奶水无码av在线_精品无码一区二区三区电影_欧美丰满一区二区免费视频_国产亚洲欧洲综合5388_人人妻人人添人人爽日韩欧美_无码日韩人妻av一区免费_欧美激情网站

水處理過濾器分析

2021-03-20  來自: 環保水圈 瀏覽次數:1204

水處理水處理過濾器是水資源凈化處理的關鍵技術和產品,在廣泛的應用領域中有著不可替代的重要作用


一、序言

水是人類發展不可缺少的自然資源,是人類和生物賴以生存的物質基礎。當今世界,水資源不足和污染構成的水源危機已成為在政策、經濟和技術上所面臨的復雜問題和社會經濟發展的主要制約因素。

在水資源日益缺乏的情況下,水資源污染的現實又使人們增加了一份憂慮。在中國很多地區,由于各種復雜因素致使不少水體已經嚴重受到污染,這更加劇了水資源緊缺的矛盾。

當今人類社會對水資源的開發利用分為兩大類:

一類是從水資源取走所需的水量,滿足人民生活和工農業生產的需要后,數量有所消耗,質量有所變化,在另外地點回歸水源。

另一類是取用水能(水力發電)、發展水運、水產和水上游樂,維持生態平衡等,這種利用不需要從水源引走水量,但是需要河流、湖泊、河口保持水位、流量和水質。

解決水資源緊張的重要途徑,目前主要的方法如下:

1、降低工業用水量,提高水的重復利用率。

2、實行科學灌溉,減少農業用水浪費。

3、回收利用城市污水、開辟第二水源。

要解決好現實當中與人類社會生活密切相關的水問題,就要用到現代的水處理技術以及水處理過濾器。

二、簡介

“水處理過濾器“就是通過各種物理的、化學的手段,去除水中一些對生產、生活不需要物質的一類對水做過濾凈化處理的設備。由于社會生產、生活與水密切相關,因此,水處理領域涉及的應用范圍十分廣泛,構成了一個龐大的產業應用。

主要應用領域:

1、生活設施:

各式以水為主要介質的鍋爐、中央空調、換熱系統、家用中央空調、壁掛鍋爐等。

2、工業通用設備:空壓機、制冷機、換熱器、冷卻器等。

3、特殊行業應用:

食品、制藥、酒類等行業用水設備的防垢、除垢、磁化、殺菌滅藻建立環保型水電建設體系。

四、主要特點

1、不改變水的化學性質,對人體無任何副作用。

2、除垢效果明顯。

設備安裝在水循環系統,對原有垢厚在2mm以下的,一般情況下30天左右可逐漸使其松動脫落,處理后的水垢呈顆粒狀,可隨排污管路排出,不會堵塞管路系統。舊垢脫落后不再產生新垢。

3、設備體積小,安裝簡單方便,可長期無人值守使用

4、 水流經設備以后,可使水變成磁化水,而且對于水中細菌有抑制和殺滅作用。

5、不腐蝕設備,可延長設備的使用壽命


五、工作原理

當水流經高壓、高頻電磁場時,水中的重碳酸鹽中的鈣、鎂離子和各重碳酸根離子會在高壓、高頻電磁場的作用下,失去化學性、物理性和相互吸引的能力,逐漸形成晶體團沉入底部,隨排污排出,從而達到防垢的目的。

水處理過濾器應用在反滲透系統之后,它利用模塊兩端電極使水中的帶電離子移動,并配合離子交換樹脂及選擇性樹脂膜,以加速離子移動去除,進而達到水的純化,產水電阻率可達到15--18M。而離子交換樹脂再生所需的氫根及氫氧跟則來自于高壓電下,由水中的解離所供給,無需用酸、堿來進行再生還原。

六、水處理過濾器技術參數

1、輸入電源電壓:220V 50-60Hz

2、輸出頻率:900KHZ-5.5MHZ

3、輸出波形:正弦波 諧波<15%

4、輔機工作壓力:0.1-1.6MPa

5、進水水溫:10-95℃。

6、進水硬度:<900mg>

七、應用實例

1、軟水機

1)優點

祛除水垢,水堿效果好,同時流量大,基本上不降低水壓;

經過軟水機水處理設備產生的水,清潔能力特強,洗衣,淋浴,美容護膚效果強;

也能減輕能源消耗;

同時也節約洗滌用品降,低家務強度;

軟水機水處理設備產生的水作為生活用水的。

2)缺點

軟水機水處理設備不能祛除細菌,病毒,有機物,不能直接飲用;

再生時需要耗鹽;

會產生廢水。

2、純水機

1)優點

純水機水處理設備過濾精度高,適用于多種水質,凈化后的水是純凈水,口感好,不含任何雜質。

2)缺點

純水機水處理設備每日制水量少,只能解決飲用和做飯;

前三級濾芯使用壽命短,需要定期更換濾芯;

不適宜長期作為直飲水,尤其是兒童和老人更不宜長期飲用純凈水。

3、凈水機

1原理及功能

采用0.01微米的超濾膜分離技術,能有效祛除水的泥沙,鐵銹,懸浮物,膠體,細菌,病毒,大分子有機物等有害物。

2)優點

凈水機水處理設備過濾精度高;

凈化水接近礦泉水,能直接生飲;

流量大;

濾芯使用年限長;

自動清洗濾芯;

不需要電。

3)缺點

凈水機水處理設備祛除水垢,水堿效果較差,適用中等以下硬度地區;

單一超濾機不能去除水中異味,水質口感較差;

換芯比較麻煩,不能去除水中重金屬。

4、工業用水

1)能源動力用水

電力行業用水,熱力、火力發電廠礦企業、中、低壓鍋爐動力、給水系統。

主要用途:

電廠、工廠高低壓鍋爐,空調、冷庫等循環用水;

微電子產品生產用高純水,半導體、顯像管用高純水,電腦電路板等集成電路用水;

太陽能電池、干式電池用水。

2)化工行業用水

化工反應冷卻、化學藥劑、化肥及精細化工、化妝品制造過程用水系統。

主要用途:

紡織印染、造紙用水,化工試劑生產用純水;

護膚品生產用純水,洗發水生產用純水,染發劑生產用純水;

化學實驗室、物理實驗室、生物實驗室。

3)工業產品涂裝用水

汽車、家用電器、建材產品表面涂裝、清洗、鍍膜玻璃及蓄電池用水系統。

主要用途:電鍍、玻璃鍍膜用高純水。

4)飲料行業用水

飲用純凈水、飲料、低度酒勾兌用水、純生啤酒過濾等。

主要用途:純凈水、礦泉水生產,食品、飲料生產用純水,賓館、生活小區。

5)醫用制藥行業用水

醫用大輸液、注劑、藥劑、生化制品用水醫用無菌水、人工腎析用水及血液透析用水。

主要用途:

制藥、針劑用水等,保健品、口服液生產,藥品原料、中間產品,生物制劑,酶的提取,蛋白質分離。

6)公共水處理系統

海水苦咸水淡化、學校、社區、賓館、房產物業***供水網絡系統。

主要用途:

日常生活用水處理工程,游泳池過濾消毒工程,養殖觀賞魚類用水、節水灌溉,沙漠苦咸水淡化系統,海水淡化系統,電鍍廢水處理金屬回收,生活污水處理再利用,產品清洗水回收使用處理,水處理過濾器工業廢水處理。

八、純凈水設備

飲用純凈水制取裝置由預處理部分、反滲透系統及精處理等幾部分組成,采用單元組合結構。目的是減少設備占地面積,便于運輸及現場裝調試,具有占地小、安裝快、外觀漂亮、操作、維修方便等優點。

設備部分均選用Ocr18Ni9(304)不銹鋼制作,管道低壓部分采用A.B.S工程塑料,高壓部分采用***不銹鋼制作,主要部件(膜、泵、儀表等)均由國外廠商提供,整機性能達到國外同期水平。

整機功能:RO膜自動、手動沖洗,純水高水位自動停機,低水位自動開機,多級泵缺水保護,失壓、欠壓、過流、短路、斷相、漏電保護。

九、維護及保養

1、過濾器的核心部位是過濾器芯件,過濾芯由過濾器框和不銹鋼鋼絲網組成,不銹鋼鋼絲網屬宜損件,需特別保護。

2、當水處理過濾器工作一段時間后,過濾器芯內沉淀了雜質,這時壓力降增大,流速會下降,需及時清除過濾器芯內的雜質。

3、清洗雜質時,特別注意過濾芯上的不銹鋼鋼絲網不能變形或損壞,否則,再裝上去的過濾器,過濾后介質的純度達不到設計要求,壓縮機、泵、儀表等設備會遭到破壞。

水處理

4、如發現不銹鋼鋼絲網變形或損壞,需馬上更換。

衡水市衡美水處理設備有限公司,專營 淺層砂過濾器 過濾器 全自動加藥裝置 原水處理設備 等業務,有意向的客戶請咨詢我們,聯系電話:0318-2987119

CopyRight ? 版權所有: 衡水市衡美水處理設備有限公司 技術支持:衡水航宇 網站地圖 XML

本站關鍵字: 反滲透設備


掃一掃訪問移動端
主站蜘蛛池模板: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |